ik
|
I |
|---|
| Ik ben verkouden
|
I have a cold |
| Ik heb gezegd
2
|
I have spoken |
| Ik weet niet wat ik moet
doen
|
I don't know what I should do |
Ik ben in Nederland geboren geworden
|
I [am] was born in Holland
‑>>
|
| Omdat ik het zeg
2
3
4
|
usually: Because I say [it] so
- but said by a teacher of his or her native language it could
mean 'Because I say it that way' |
|
| mijn
/ m'n
|
my |
|---|
| Mijn naam is Daniël
|
My name is Daniel |
| Mijn familie komt uit het
zuiden
|
My family is from the South |
| Mijn hemel!
|
[My heaven] Good heavens! |
Mijn fiets is gestolen geworden
|
My bike was stolen
‑>> |
| M'n zoon vond 't erg leuk
|
My son really liked it |
| Ik heb een lang gesprek
met m'n baas gehad
|
I had a long talk with my boss |
|
| mij
/ me
|
me |
|---|
| Ik val aan - volg mij
|
I'm going to attack - follow me
(Rear Admiral Karel Doorman, Battle of the Java Sea, 1942)
|
| volgens mij ...
|
[according to me ...] - I think ... |
| Er is mij niets van bekend
|
[Nothing is known to me about it]
- I know nothing about it |
| Zij zingen een lied voor mij
|
They're singing a song for me |
| Maak je geen zorgen over mij
|
Don't worry about me |
| 't Zou niks voor mij zijn
2
3
|
{It would not be something for me] - Not for me! It's not
something I would be interested in doing or experiencing |
| Dat kan alleen mij overkomen!
2
3
|
That [can] could only happen to me! (the feeling
of having too much bad luck) |
| 't Maakt me niet uit
|
[it doesn't matter to me] - I don't care
‑>>
|
| Het is me 'n raadsel
|
It's a [riddle] mystery to me |
| 't Irriteert me mateloos.
2
3
|
iIt irritates (annoys) me to no end |
| Niemand heeft me iets verteld
|
Nobody told me anything |
| Dat lukt me nooit
|
I'll never be able to do that |
| Ik kan me d'r (er) zo
kwaad over maken
2
|
[I can make myself very angy about it] - It
makes me very angry |
|
|
| je
|
you (singular, informal) |
|---|
| Je hebt gelijk
|
You are right |
| Je zult er geen spijt
van krijgen
|
yYou won't regret it |
| Was je moe?
|
Were you tired? |
| ... daar krijg je last van
2
3
|
... that's going to hurt, bother you |
| Je mag wel 'je' zeggen
2
|
[You're allowed
to say 'you' (informal)] - It's all right to use the informal 'je'
- ('on a first-name basis') |
| tutoyeren (French)
2
3
|
~to be on a first-name basis, addressing each other as
'je' and not as 'U' |
| 'jijen en jouwen'
2
|
to be on a first-name basis, addressing each other as
'je' and not as 'U' |
| Je hoeft geen 'U'
te zeggen
2
3
4
|
You
don't have to [say] use the polite 'you' |
|
| jij
|
you (singular, informal)
- nominative, as subject only |
|---|
| jij bent
|
['you are'] - it's your turn |
| Ben jij 't?
|
is it you? |
| Hou(d) jij van opera? - Ik
niet.
|
Do you like opera? - I don't |
|
| Weet je waar de sleutel is?
|
Do you know
where the key is?
- Do you happen to know? |
| Weet jij waar de sleutel is?
2
|
Do you know
where the key is?
- Are you the one who knows? |
| Weet jij hoe je 't moet uitspreken?
2
3 |
Do you know how to pronounce it?
(can you tell me?) |
| Weet je hoe je 't moet uitspreken?
2 |
Do you know how to pronounce it? (if not, I can
tell you) |
|
| je
/ jouw
|
your (singular, informal) |
|---|
| Je hond is je beste vriend
|
Your dog is your best friend |
| je ouwelui
2
|
['your old folks'] - your parents (slang) |
| Heb je je koffie op?
|
Did you finish your coffee? |
| Ga je met je eigen auto?
|
Are you going with your own car? |
| Hoe is 't met je moeder?
|
How is your mother? |
| Waar is je boek?
2
|
Where is your book? |
| Waar is je fatsoen?
2
|
Where are your good manners? |
| 't Is jouw beurt
|
It's your turn |
| 't Is jouw schuld
|
It's your fault, you are to blame |
| Toen ik jouw leeftijd was ...
|
When I was your age ... |
|
| je
|
you - dative and accusative,
direct and indirect object |
|---|
| Er is bezoek voor je
|
There is a visitor for you
There are visitors for you |
| Ik vertel je de waarheid
2
|
I'm telling you the truth |
| Wie heeft je geholpen?
|
Who helped you? (was at your side) |
| Dat lukt je nooit
2
|
You'll never succeed in that,
you'll never be able to do that |
|
| jou
|
you (singular, informal)
- dative and accusative, direct and indirect object only |
|---|
| Er is voor jou altijd plaats
|
There's always a place, room for you |
| Ik heb 't van jou geleerd
2
|
[I've learned it from you] It was taught to me
by you, You taught me this |
| Als ik jou was ...
2
|
If I were you ... |
| Als ik jou was zou ik niet gaan
|
If I were you I wouldn't go |
| In the 'als ik
jou was' lines, you cannot use 'je' or 'jij' |
| Hij houdt van jou
|
He loves you |
|
Vraag niet
wat Nederland voor jou kan doen, maar vraag
je af wat jij voor Nederland kunt doen
2
3
Do not ask
what Holland can do for you,
but ask yourself what you can do for Holland
(naar president Kennedy
2
after president Kennedy)
Vraag niet
wat Nederland voor je kan doen, maar vraag
je af wat je voor Nederland kunt doen
2
3
The 'various forms' line is better Dutch, but the 'all-je'
line is not wrong |
|
|
|
|
|
| hij
/ (-ie
)
|
he |
|---|
| Hij is familie van me
2
|
[He is kin of me] He is a relative |
| Hij heeft griep
2
|
He has the flu |
| Hij ziet er moe uit
|
He looks tired |
| Hij is in een slecht humeur
|
He's in a bad mood |
| heeft-ie?
|
does he have ...? |
| Heeft-ie kinderen?
2
|
Does he have children? |
| Hoe heet-ie ook al weer?
2
3
4
|
What's his name again? (I forgot) |
| Wat de boer niet kent dat
lust-ie niet
2
3
4
|
['What the peasant doesn't know he doesn't
like'] - 'The simple man doesn't like the unfamiliar'
- commenting on a reluctance to even taste unfamiliar food |
| Bij 't minste of
geringste geluid werd-ie wakker
|
He woke up at the littlest noise |
| Hij doet toch wat-ie wil
2
|
He does what he wants,
he does as he likes anyway |
| April doet wat-ie wil
2
|
[April does as it likes] -
April weather is unpredictable |
| De mens lijdt 't meest
van 't lijden dat-ie vreest
|
man suffers most
from the suffering he fears |
| Het is zo voorspelbaar wat-ie doet
|
[It's so predictable what he does]
- His behavior is so predictable |
| Hij weet waar-ie 't over heeft
|
He knows what he's talking about |
| Dankzij een lening kon hij het
bedrijfje kopen
2
(-ie)
(-ie2)
|
[Thanks to] With a loan he [could] was able
to buy the (small) company |
|
| zijn
/ z'n
|
his |
| tijdens zijn leven
2
|
during his life, in his lifetime |
| tijdens z'n leven
2
|
during his life, in his lifetime |
| Zijn tweede vrouw
was een Belgische
|
His second wife was Belgian, was a Belgian woman |
| Jan Rap en z'n maat
|
[John 'Wastewood' and his comrade] - 'bad people' |
| De vader en z'n dochter
2
3
|
The father and his daughter |
| Het jongetje en z'n hondje
2
|
The little boy and his (small) dog |
|
| hem
/ 'm
|
him |
|---|
| Heb je hem gefeliciteerd?
|
Have you congratulated him?
Did you congratuate him? |
| Ik gaf hem een kwartje
|
I gave him a quarter |
| Ik gaf 'm een kwartje
|
I gave him a quarter |
| Ze kenden 'm goed
|
They knew him well |
| Ik ken hem uit m'n studententijd
2
|
I know him from my student days
(college or university) |
| Ik leerde hem kennen
in het leger
2
3
|
I came to know him in the army
(I first met him when I was
in the army) |
| Ik heb hem leren kennen
in het leger
2
3
(4)
|
I came to know him in the army
(I first met him when I was
in the army) |
|
|
| zij
/ ze
|
she |
|---|
| Zij zingt een lied
|
She's singing a song |
| Zij is een zangeres
|
She is a singer |
| Zij zingt mooi
|
She sings beautifully |
| Zij speelt saxofoon
|
She plays the saxophone |
| Ze liep naar het huis toe
|
She walked towards the house |
| Ze is een Française
|
She is a Frenchwoman |
|
| haar
|
her - possessive, genitive |
|---|
| Het is haar huis
|
It's her house |
| Ze verdedigde haar proefschrift
|
She defended her thesis |
| Ze is niet op haar
mondje gevallen
2
3
|
(saying)
['She didn't fall on her mouth']
She never hesitates to speak up, she's not shy to speak her mind
|
| Heb je haar gezicht gezien?
2
|
Have you seen her face? |
| 't Is haar moeders schuld
2
3
|
It's her mother's fault,
her mother is to blame |
| De moeder en haar zoon
2
3
|
The mother and her son |
| De moeder en haar kinderen
|
The mother and her children |
| Het meisje en haar hondje
2
|
The girl and her (small) dog |
|
| haar
|
her - dative and accusative,
direct and indirect object |
|---|
| Heb je haar gezien?
|
have you seen her? |
| Hij geeft haar gele rozen
|
he's giving her yellow roses |
| Geef haar de bloemen
|
Give her the flowers |
| Geef de bloemen aan haar
|
Give the flowers to her |
| Ik heb haar vergeven
2
|
I have forgiven her |
| Ik ken haar
van de Nederlandse les
2
3
4
|
I know her from Dutch lessons,
from the Dutch course |
| Het huis is van haar
|
The house is hers |
|
Both English
'her'
and Dutch
'haar' can be the possessive, dative or
accusative form
of the third person single female - but Dutch
(het) haar
is also 'hair' - so
haar haar
2
is 'her hair'
- to avoid that ugliness of repetition
some people use the dialect forms:
'd'r haar'
2
3
or
'heur haar'
2
3
d'r
2
3
4
- heur
|
|
|
| het
/ 't
|
it ('het' can also mean 'the' (#2)
‑>>) |
|---|
| 't Is koud buiten
|
it's cold outside |
| Het brandt
|
It is burning |
| Het is nog vroeg
|
It's still early |
| Het is te laat
|
It's too late |
| 't Is meestal bewolkt
in Nederland
|
It's usually overcast in Holland |
|
Dutch doesn't use
'het'
as often as English does 'it'
- we say 'hij' / -ie (he)
- or occasionally 'zij'
(she) - for 'de-words,' and 'het' only as 'it' for
most 'het-words' - but 'het'-words for people, animals and other
living entities are hij or zij
For instance: (het) meisje
('girl') - (het) mannetje
("little man" // 'male animal')
- (het) hondje
('little dog') |
| de dag - hij was lang
|
the day - it was long |
| de auto - hij is stuk
|
the car - it is broken, doesn't go |
| de hond - hij blaft
2
3
|
the dog - it/he is barking |
| de wolf - hij huilt
2
3
|
the wolf - it is howling |
| het meisje - ze lacht
2
3
4
|
the girl - she is laughing |
| het meisje - ze lachte
2
3
|
the girl - she laughed |
| April doet wat-ie wil
2
|
April does [what] as it likes |
| 't schip - het is gezonken
|
the ship - it has sunk |
| 't eten - 't was koud
|
the food - it was cold |
| 't eten - 't was lekker
|
the food - it was enjoyable |
|
| zijn
/ z'n
/ (haar
)
|
its |
|---|
| Dutch
has no possessive for 'it'
(het)
- in most cases 'zijn' or "z'n"
('his') is used,
occasionally 'haar' ('her') |
| De hond en z'n vlooien
2
3
|
The dog and its fleas |
| De komeet en z'n staart
2
|
The comet and its tail |
| Maart roert z'n staart
|
March is waggging its tail
(bad weather at the end of March) |
| Elke dag heeft genoeg aan z'n eigen leed
|
Each day has enough [suffering] trouble
of its own |
| 't Vogeltje zit op z'n nestje
|
The [little] bird is sitting
on its [little] nest |
| 't Vogeltje en haar jongen
|
The [little] bird and its young |
| Het schip en haar bemanning
|
The ship and its/her crew |
|
| het
/ 't
|
it - dative and accusative,
direct and indirect object |
|---|
| Ze konden het niet bewijzen
2
|
They [could not] were not able to prove it |
| Ik ben het beu
|
I'm tired of it, I'm sick of it,
it should stop |
| Ik vind het heel erg
|
I think it's [very] really bad,
I'm upset over it. |
| Ik hoop dat je het niet erg vindt
|
I hope you don't think it's bad,
I hope you don't mind |
| Heb je 't leuk gehad in Brussel?
|
[Did you enjoy it]
- Did you have a good time in Brussels? |
| Ik heb 't met veel plezier
gelezen.
2
|
[I read it with great pleasure]
I really enjoyed reading it |
|
| er
|
it - with a preposition
- more |
|---|
|
Je moet er wat aan doen
2
3
4
|
You should do something about it |
|
Ik heb er zin in
2
|
I feel like it, I'm looking forward to it |
| Ik denk er vaak aan
2
3
|
I often think of it |
| Hij heeft 't er vaak over
2
3
|
He often talks about it |
|
|
| wij
/ we
|
we |
|---|
| Wij waren arm
|
We were poor |
| Wij weten 't aan 't weer
|
We blamed [it on] the weather |
| We zullen wel zien
|
We'll see |
| We gaan weg
|
We're leaving |
| We gaan zo eten
|
We'll have dinner in a minute |
|
| We zijn de dupe
2
3
|
We've been duped, we are the victims,
we pay the price |
| Wij zijn de dupe
2
3
|
We are the ones
paying the price, it's us who are the victims |
|
| ons
|
our - for 'het'-words (in the singular) |
|---|
| onze
|
our - for 'de'-words and all plurals |
|---|
| onze taal
2
3
|
our language |
| onze woorden
2
3
|
our words |
| ons Indië
|
'our India'
(the Dutch Indies, now called Indonesia) |
| ons koude kikkerland
|
our chilly frog's country
(it's a wretched place but it's home) |
| Wij verdedigen ons land
2
|
We're defending our country |
| onze gevederde vrienden
|
'our feathered friends' i.e. birds |
| 't Onze Vader
2
|
[The Our Father] - The Lord's Prayer
‑>>
|
| (het) onzelieveheersbeestje
2
|
'our dear Lord's bug' i.e. ladybug, ladybird |
| also: lieveheersbeestjes
|
ladybugs, ladybirds
‑>>
|
| Wij zingen ons volkslied
2
3
|
We're singing our anthem |
| We verven ons huis
2
3
|
We're painting our house |
| We wassen onze auto
2
3
|
We're washing our car |
| We wassen onze ramen
2
3
|
We're washing our windows |
| We kennen onze buren
niet goed
2
3
|
[We don't know our neighbors well] - We hardly
know our neighbors |
| van ons
2
3
|
[of us] ours |
| Dat geld is van ons
2
3
|
That money is ours |
| Die auto is niet van ons
2
3
|
That car is not ours, that is not our car |
| 't Is niet onze auto
2
|
It's not our car |
|
| ons
|
us |
|---|
| Geef ons heden ons
dagelijks brood
2
|
Give us today our daily bread |
| Ze kijken op ons neer
|
They look down on us, they despise us |
| Ik denk niet dat hij naar ons
had willen luisteren
|
[I don't think he would have wanted to listen to us]
I don't think he would have
listened to us |
| (het) onderonsje
|
[little between-us] informal private meeting |
|
|
| jullie
|
you (plural, informal) |
|---|
| Hebben jullie fietsen?
|
Do you [guys] have bicycles? |
| Hebben jullie wel plezier?
|
Are you [guys] really having fun? |
| Hebben jullie 't leuk gehad?
|
Did you [guys] enjoy yourselves, did you have a
good time? |
| Jullie hebben je in hem vergist
2
|
'Y'all were mistaken about him' |
| Jullie moeten nog veel leren
2
3
|
You guys still have a lot to learn |
| Jullie zijn niet serieus!
2
3
4
|
You guys are not serious! |
|
| jullie
|
your (plural, informal) | |
| Waar zijn jullie fietsen?
|
Where are your bicycles? |
| Hartelijk gefeliciteerd
met jullie huwelijk
|
Many congratulations on your marriage |
|
| jullie
|
you (plural, informal)
- dative and accusative, direct and indirect object |
|---|
| Ik wens jullie veel
gelukkige jaren samen
|
[I wish] Wishing you many happy years together |
| Wie heeft jullie dat verteld?
2
|
Who told you (guys) that? |
| Ze hebben jullie onwaarheden verteld
2
|
They've told you (guys) [untruths] lies |
| Wie heeft jullie opgehaald?
2
|
Who has picked you (guys) up? |
| Ik heb jullie veel woorden gegeven
2
|
I have given you (guys) many words |
| Ik leer jullie Nederlands
2
|
I'm teaching you (guys) Dutch |
|
because Dutch 'leren' means both 'to teach' and 'to learn,'
and
Dutch 'jullie' can also be the possessive 'your,'
the line above could also mean
'I'm learning your Dutch,
the Dutch you (guys) speak'
‑>>
|
|
|
|
|
|
| zij
/ ze
|
they |
|---|
| Zij zijn rijk
2
|
They are rich |
| Zij waren rijk
|
They were rich |
| Zij sleten hun dagen
met sigaren
|
They spent their days [with] smoking cigars |
| Zij brachten haar
een serenade
|
They serenaded her |
| Ze hebben gelogen
|
They [have] lied |
| Ze lagen te slapen
|
They were sleeping |
| Ze lopen te demonstreren
|
They're in a protest march |
| Ze hebben drie kinderen
|
They have three children |
| Ze weten niet wat ze doen
2
3
|
They do not know what they are doing
(Luke 23:34) |
|
| hun
|
their |
|---|
| Het is hun geld
|
It is their money |
| Het is hun eigen geld
|
It is their own money |
| Heb je hun hond gezien?
|
Have you seen their dog? |
| Is het echt hun land?
|
Is it really their land? |
|
| hun
|
them |
|---|
| Heb je hun gezien?
|
Have you seen them? |
| Ik zal 't hun geven
|
I'll give it to them |
| Hij sprak hun tegen
|
He contradicted them |
| Hij vertelde hun wat er gebeurd
was
|
He told them what had happened |
|
| Dutch grammar says that
'them' in the accusative, as a
direct object should be
'hen,'
but even to me that sounds a bit too much, hypercorrect
- or it could be that the 'short E' is changing into an 'voiceless,
unstressed E'
|
| Heb je hen gezien?
|
Have you seen them? |
| Ze hielp hen met de vertaling
|
She helped them with the translation |
| De trein bracht hen naar
Den Haag
|
The train brought them to The Hague |
|
|
| U
|
you (polite) |
|---|
| Hoe maakt U 't?
|
How are you? |
| Na U
2
|
'After you' (you let someone go first) |
| Wat zou U aanraden?
|
What would you recommend? |
| Wilt U via een tolk spreken?
|
Would you like to speak
through an interpreter? |
| Zou U dat nog eens willen
zeggen?
|
Would you mind saying that
[once more] again? |
| Verveelt U zich?
|
Are you bored? |
|
| Uw
|
your (polite) |
|---|
| Wat is uw naam?
|
What's your name? |
| Heeft Uw hond U gebeten?
|
Did your dog bite you? |
| Bent U gebeten door
Uw hond?
|
Were you bitten by your dog? |
| Heb Uw naaste lief als
Uzelf
2
|
Love your neighbor like [you love] yourself.
(Love thy neighbour as thyself) |
|
| U
|
you (polite, formal)
- dative and accusative, direct and indirect object |
|---|
| Ik zal U doorverbinden
2
|
(on the telephone) I'll put you through,
connect you |
| Ik kan U niet goed
verstaan
| [I cannot understand you very well]
I don't understand what you're saying |
| Wie heeft U
thuisgebracht?
2
|
Who brought you home?
- this Dutch line could also mean: 'who did you bring (to his or
her) home?' |
| Je hoeft geen 'U' te zeggen
2
3
4
|
You
don't have to [say] use the polite 'you'
‑>> |
|
|
|
'Men'
is an 'occasional they,' translated variously as 'people' or 'one,'
'you' or otherwise |
| Men zegt dat ...
|
It is said that ... |
| Men zegt dat
in Kentucky het gras blauw is
2
|
It is said that
the grass is blue in Kentucky |
| Hier ziet men de
gevolgen
2
3
4
|
Here one sees, here you can see the results |
| Al doende leert men
2
3
|
['While doing, you learn'] -
'Practice makes perfect' |
| Aan de vruchten kent men
de boom
2
|
By its fruit you'll know the tree,
- by its fruit the tree is known |
| "Men sleept zich voort"
2
3
|
['One plods on wearily'] - said when you're tired
and depressed: "Just hanging in there" |
| Hier hoort men goed
Nederlands
|
Here (in this place) you'll hear good Dutch |
| Van dik hout zaagt men planken
2
3
|
[Of big wood 'they' saw boards] - Boards are sawn
from big wood - - said of a task perfromed
very well and also royally, generously amply, with extras
(saying) |