or 'zijn'
with a past participle:
2
3
I heard the birds
present perfect tense: Ik heb de vogels gehoord
2
I've heard the birds
2
also combines with a past participle, but other verb combinations
like
the future tense and
'de duurvorm' combine the auxiliary
verbs
'zullen'
and 'liggen'
2
/ 'zitten'
/ 'staan'
/ 'lopen'
2
with a verb infinitive:
I'll explain [it]
'de duurvorm:' Ze lagen te slapen
They were sleeping
('to') —
and more importantly in the use of the infinitive instead of
the past participle in the
perfect tenses.
Study and listen to the examples:
| Ik hoorde de vogels fluiten
2
3
| I heard the birds [whistle] sing |
|
Ik kon de vogels horen
2
3
| I [could hear] was able to hear the birds |
|
Ik hoop de vogels te horen
2
3
| I hope to hear the birds |
|
Ik heb de vogels horen fluiten
2
3
| I've heard the birds sing |
|
Ik had gehoopt de vogels te horen
2
| I had hoped to hear the birds |
|
't Hoeft niet grappig te zijn
2
3
4
| It doesn't have to be funny |
|
't Moet wel interessant zijn
2
| But it has to be interesting |
|
Wat hoop je ermee te bereiken?
2
3
4
| What do you hope to achieve with it? What's the result you hope for? |
|
Wat wil je ermee bereiken?
2
3
| What do you want to achieve with it? What's the result you want? |
|
Ik heb geprobeerd te helpen
2
| I have tried to help |
|
Ik had kunnen weten dat ...
2
| I could have known that ... |
| Ik ben vergeten de huur te betalen
2
|
I [have forgotten] forgot to pay the rent |
| Ik heb de reis moeten afzeggen
2
3 |
I've had to cancel te trip |
Most verbs, the 'regular verbs,' use the past participle of the
first main verb in verb combinations in the perfect tenses, but about
fifteen common verbs use the infinitive in verb combinations in the
perfect tenses, and most of those verbs also don't add
'te' to the infinitive in verb combinations in the simple
or prefect tenses. I call them 'special verbs.' They may be somewhat
like the English 'modal verbs.'
'I can dance' — 'I tried to dance'
'I have heard the birds sing' - 'I have tried to whistle'
The 'Special Verbs:'
zullen
'shall/will' -
kunnen
'can, being able to' -
willen
2
'to want to, desire' -
mogen
2
'may, be allowed to' -
moeten
2
'must, have to' -
laten
'to let, allow' -
gaan
'to go, going to' -
doen
2
3
'to do, make' -
blijven
2
'to remain, stay, continue' -
komen
'to come'
helpen
2
'to help, assist' -
leren
'to learn' and 'to teach' -
zien
'to see' -
horen
2
'to hear' -
voelen
2
'to feel' -
zitten
'to sit, to be seated' -
liggen
2
'to lie, be lying down' -
staan
'to stand, to be standing' -
lopen
2
'to walk'
| Full Chapter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shorts home | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | |||||||||||||
Gij zult niet stelen
'Thou shalt not steal'