from the 100% free Hear Dutch Here Website — more verbs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Short De voltooide tijd - The Perfect Tenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In the perfect tenses, an auxiliary verb ('to have' in English,
in Dutch hebben
‑>>
or
zijn
‑>>)
is combined with a past participle
- (het) voltooid deelwoord
The Dutch past participle usually has a GE‑ prefix and for most 'strong' verbs an ‑EN or ‑N ending; almost all 't kofschip 'weak' verbs add a ‑T ending to the verb stem, and non-'t kofschip weak verbs a ‑D ending. For example:
Most of the Dutch verbs use the simple tenses of hebben ‑>> 'to have' combined with a past participle for the perfect tenses, like in English, but about 20 common Dutch verbs use the simple tenses of zijn ‑>> (otherwise translated as 'to be') as the auxiliary verb for the perfect tenses, for instance:
Most verbs of motion can have perfect tenses with either hebben ‑>> or zijn ‑>> — hebben when it's about the time spent in motion or the distance covered, zijn when it's about the destination, for instance: Ik heb een uur gefietst 2 [I've ridden a bike] I rode a bike for an hour Ik heb tachtig kilometer gefietst 2 3 [I've ridden a bike] I've biked 80 kilometers Ik ben naar Amsterdam gelopen 2 [I've walked] I walked to Amsterdam Several of the common strong verbs have don't have past participles in ‑EN or ‑N but in ‑D or ‑T, for instance:
Read about the perfect tenses and past participles of compound verbs, splitting verbs and verbs with 'inseparable prefixes' on the next page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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