klinkers vowels:
a 'short' A		aa/a 'long' A		e 'short' E		ee/e 'long' E		e 'voiceless, unstressed E' (the 'schwa')
i 'short' I		ie ( ii ) / i 'long' I		o 'short' O		oo/o 'long' O		u 'short' U uu/u 'long' U
tweeklanken diphthongs:
au/ou		ei/ij		eu		oe		ui

• a double vowel is always 'long'
  (de) slaap ('sleep') - (de) vloot 2 ('fleet')
• a single vowel at the end of a word is always 'long' — except E: a single E at the end of a word is almost always 'voiceless, unstressed'
  (de) sla ('lettuce') - (de) vlo 2 ('flea') - de 2 ('the' #1)
• a single vowel followed by one or more consonants at the end of a word is 'short'
  slap ('weak') - (het) vlot 2 3 ('raft')
• a single vowel followed by one consonant followed by another vowel is 'long.' (The syllables split is before the single consonant. This is somewhat like English 'silent E')
  slapen (sla-pen) ('to sleep) vloten (vlo-ten) 2 ('fleets')
• a single vowel followed by two or more consonants is 'short.' (The syllable break is between the consonants)
  slappe (slap-pe) ('weak') - vlotten (vlot-ten) 2 3 ('rafts')
  This rule 'works' for double consonants, but not always when the consonants are different
• Diphthongs don't have 'short' and 'long' forms, no spelling changes
• Double consonants sound the same as single consonants, not longer or with a pause in-between

mannen (man-nen) 2

(de) maan 2 ('moon')

manen (ma-nen) 2 3

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