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April 2013: Major Upgrade - mouseovers with translation and more than 300 sound files for individual words added, and a new introduction.
A rough translation of all Dutch words on this page - or see mouseovers.
| Introduction: 'Long' and 'Short' Vowels | |
|---|
| Vowels Compared | |
Vowels and Diphthongs Compared | |
Diphthongs Compared | |
|---|
| Other Vowel Sounds | |
Dieresis | |
Compound Words | |
|---|
Long and Short Vowels:
Dutch vowels can be 'long' or 'short.'
('Long' and 'short' are
traditional names - the difference is actually more a matter of tone.)
| short A
long A |
short E
long E 'voiceless E' ('schwa') |
short I
long I (IE) |
short O
long O |
short U
long U |
There is no sound in English like Dutch 'long U.' Y is almost always pronounced as Dutch I, either long or short. More on pronunciation of vowels and diphthongs |
| long: | Kaat
|
maan
|
slaap
|
Deen
|
boom
|
vloot
|
Double vowel: always long |
| long: exception: |
ka
|
ma
|
sla
|
de |
Co
|
vlo
|
Single vowel at the end of a word:
long - except for E at the end of a word which is voiceless: e (uh) |
| short: | kat
|
man
|
slap
|
den
|
bom
|
vlot
|
Single vowel followed by one or more consonants at the end of a word: short |
| long: | kater
|
manen
|
slapen
|
Denen
|
bomen
|
vloten
|
Single vowel followed by one consonant followed by another vowel: long - this is a bit like 'silent E' in English, which indicates that a preceding vowel is long. |
| short: | katten
|
mannen
|
slappe
|
dennen
|
bommen
|
vlotten
|
Single vowel followed by two or more consonants: short |
You'll hear a single word by clicking the speaker icon next to it; clicking 'hear' will let you hear the three or four words in the column above.
Later additions:
tragisch
2
- kleurrijk
- breuklijn
2
- mammoet
-
poema
-
garnaal
-
sprinkhaan
2
3
-
huisdeur
2
-
huisbaas
2
-
reisbeurs
2
-
aorta
- chaos
kreatief realiteit
hear
- creatie
2
slow
- reactie
- reageerbuis
- realistisch
aureool
- hear
miauw (meow)
- hear
triangel Ria riant cruciaal
- hear
- triangel
- Ria
- riant
- cruciaal
prieel
dieet diëten
- hear
- 2
pion trio bastion viool radio
- hear
- pion
- trio
- bastion
- viool
- radio
2
- riool
2
(de) spion
2 / spionnen
2
- spy/spies (I and O are pronounced separately)
exception: (het) ion
/ ionen
ion / ionen
2
- ion / ions - I more like consonant Y, Dutch J
schorpioen
2
oase
leeuw leeuwen leeuwtje leeuwin
- hear -
2
- leeuw
- Zeeuws
2
- geeuw
- meeuw
- sneeuw
2
nieuw nieuwe nieuws
- hear
- nieuw
- nieuws
- very much like Britsh English 'new' and 'news'
- kieuw
2
sneu
2
3
- sneeuw
2
- nieuw
juweel ritueel
- hear
- 2
- juweel
2
- ritueel
The I after a vowel is pronounced like English Y in 'Yes'
(except of course in ei and ui)
fraai fraaie fraaier fraais
- hear
- haai
- maaien
- zaaitijd
maïs Thais pais
- hear
- Dutch AI sounds very much like English 'I' -
maïs
2
- Thai
snijmaïs
2
3
-
maïsbrij
2
-
maïsmeel
- maïsfeest
2
- Maizena
ooi dooien dooit
- hear
- ooi
- dooi
prooi
2
mooi mooier mooist
- hear
- mooi
- hooi
koe koeien
- hear
- koeien
- koeien loeien
groei groeien groeit
- hear
- groei
2
- groeien
2
- boeien
2
Words that end in ei, ij or
ui will have a sound like Y in English 'Yes' (Dutch 'J')
inserted before endings that starts with a vowel, like -e,
-en or
-er. This sound is not put in writing.
ei eieren
- hear
kei keien ei eieren beiaard
- hear
vrij vrijer
- hear
lui luie
- hear
ui uien kruier
- hear
- ui
2
- uien
Compare also:
beiaard
2
-
bejaard
2
In a few words of French origin, the ou is pronounced as English OO:
coulant couplet foudraal
- hear
More words and sounds from French:
cadeau bureau
- hear
dressoir boudoir
- hear
ordinair militair
- hear
portemonnaie portefeuille
- hear
French O:
roze
- zone
- controle
2
In Greek names and a few words of Greek origin, the Dutch
pronounce EU as Dutch UI, OE as Dutch EU, and the Latin -US ending is
as Dutch OE:
Prometheus Oedipus
- hear
Zeus
2
- Orpheus
2
aä - eë - eï - eü
- ië - oë - uï - uü
Dieresis
- two dots on top of a vowel indicate that
the vowel is pronounced separately from the preceding vowel(s), not
forming a long vowel or a diphtong. In Dutch, it's called
trema
- it may look somewhat similar to the German
Umlaut, but its meaning is completely different.
| geëerd
weeën kopiëren |
ingrediënt
België Oekraïne |
De Zeven Provinciën
De Verenigde Provinciën Nederlands-Indië |
Californië
Israël Sinaï |
Rafaël
Daniël |
When you listen closely, you may have noticed that Dutch vowels get longer before R and/or change slightly in tone. Don't worry about it in your first years of studying Dutch - Vowels before R.
All the Dutch words on this page translated - or see mouseovers.
| Compound Words | ||
|
As you may have seen, Dutch has many
compound words. For instance
(de) spoorweg
God |
In English, compound words may need the approval of Mr Webster and the
Queen, but in Dutch any native speaker can make up compound
words.
I remember, long ago in a shop, two teenagers came in and asked
for an 'inkijkboek'
I may have made up one or two of the words on this page myself. But not all word combinations are correct Dutch and some sound unpleasant, like the German-style meerprijs 'At a slightly higher price ...' Foreigners may not have a good sense of what's right. 'Darkroom' is the only example that I can think of where an English compound word translates into two Dutch words: donkere kamer |
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dief (thief) -
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diefstal (theft) -
stelen (to steal) -
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2