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Learning Dutch?
Now is The Time Program 3 |
Pronunciation
Listening Hear Names |
Words | Phrases | Grammar |
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Double vowels are always 'long' - single vowels are long at the
end of a word (except E) or (imperfect rule) when followed by
one consonant and one or more
vowels - more
D at the end of a word is pronounced as T;
B at the end of a word is pronounced as P
Vowels and Diphthongs Flashcards Listening Exercises: 1 - 2
mees 2 titmouse (a bird) |
- | meis 2 3 "girl" (slang) |
- | maïs 2 maize, corn |
2 |
Trees (girl's name) |
- | Thijs (boy's name) |
- | Thais Thai |
2 |
mei May |
- | maai (I) mow |
- | mij me |
hei heath, moor |
- | haai shark |
- | hij he |
(de) eland
elk, moose |
(het) eiland
2
island |
Thailand
|
(het) maïsfeest
2
corn festival
(de) maïsbrij
2
'corn mash,' mashed corn
(de) snijmaïs
2
3
['cutting corn'] corn fodder, corn animal feed
(het) maïsmeel
corn flour
Maizena
corn flour brand
A sound very much like Dutch EI/IJ is found in French, in a word like
soleil
2
('sun') and in the Mediterranean city of
Marseille
Do note the singular exception of the rather common word
bijzonder
('special') ‑>>
- its IJ is pronounced as Dutch
'long I'
'Bijzonder' lijkt de enige uitzondering
'Bijzonder' seems to be, looks like the only
exception
There's no sound like Dutch EU in English.
German has a sound like it in some words with Ö or OE like
the logician Gödel
or
schön
2
3
French has a sound like Dutch EU in a word like
deux
The sound of Dutch OE is often represented by OO in English (and vice versa)
French has a sound like Dutch UI in a word like l'oeil ('the eye')
There is no sound in English similar to Dutch 'long U,' but is is found in French, like in cru or dur and in German, like in Hügel and Muesli
aorta
- chaos
- Laos
oase
kreatief realiteit
hear
- creatie
2
slow
- reactie
- reageerbuis
- realistisch
aureool
miauw (meow)
-
triangel Ria riant cruciaal
- hear
- triangel
- Ria
- riant
- cruciaal
prieel
dieet diëten
- hear
- 2
pion trio bastion viool radio
- hear
- pion
- trio
- bastion
- viool
- radio
2
- riool
2
(de) spion
2 / spionnen
2
- spy/spies (I and O are pronounced separately)
exception: (het) ion
/ ionen
ion / ionen
2
- ion / ions - I more like consonant Y, Dutch J
schorpioen
2
krioelen
2
3
eeuw
long E
+ UW
(de) eeuw
2
3
century
(de) sneeuw
2
3
snow
(de) leeuw
lion -
(het) leeuwtje
young, small lion
(de) leeuwerik
2
lark (a bird)
(de) meeuw
seagull - plural: meeuwen
(de) geeuw
yawn
Zeeuwen
2
people from the province of
Zeeland
2 (from
where New Zealand got its name)
Zeeuws
2
from Zeeland
leeuw leeuwen leeuwtje leeuwin
- hear -
2
note: sneu
2
3
sad, sorry
juweel ritueel
- hear
- 2
- juweel
2
- ritueel
ieuw
Dutch IEUW sounds very much like EW in English NEW:
Dutch long I (IE)
+ Dutch UW:
nieuw
(nieuwe
2)
new - sounds very much like Britsh English 'new'
Nieuwe haring
2 -
also called:
(de) Hollandse nieuwe
the newly caught, fresh herring of early in
the season
het nieuwe land
2
'the new, reclaimed land'
(het) nieuws
news
Heb je 't nieuws gehoord?
2
3
Have you heard the news?
kieuw
2
3
gill (fish breathing)
But when IEU ends in S or R it's pronounced as
Dutch long I (IE)
+ Dutch EU
+ S or R, with a faint consonant-Y
(Dutch J) connecting I and EU:
serieus
serious
religieus
religious
superieur
superior
ingenieur
engineer (French G)
The I after a vowel is pronounced like English Y in 'Yes'
(except of course in ei and ui)
fraai fraaie fraaier fraais
- hear
- haai
- maaien
- zaaitijd
ooi dooien dooit
- hear
- ooi
- dooi
prooi
2
mooi mooier mooist
- hear
- mooi
- hooi
koe koeien
- hear
- koeien
- koeien loeien
groei groeien groeit
- hear
- groei
2
- groeien
2
- boeien
2
Words that end in ei, ij or
ui will have a sound like Y in English 'Yes' (Dutch 'J')
inserted before endings that starts with a vowel, like -e,
-en or
-er. This sound is not put in writing.
ei eieren
- hear
kei keien ei eieren beiaard
- hear
vrij vrijer
- hear
lui luie
- hear
ui uien kruier
- hear
- ui
2
- uien
Compare also:
beiaard
2
-
bejaard
2
aä - eë - eï - eü
- ië - oë - uï - uü
Dieresis
- two dots on top of a vowel indicate that
the vowel is pronounced separately from the preceding vowel(s), not
forming a long vowel or a diphtong. In Dutch, it's called
trema
- it may look somewhat similar to the German
Umlaut, but its meaning is completely different.
geëerd
2 weeën kopiëren 2 |
ingrediënt
België 2 Oekraïne |
De Zeven Provinciën
De Verenigde Provinciën Nederlands-Indië 2 |
Californië
Israël Sinaï |
Rafaël
Daniël |
Compound Words | ||
As you may have seen, Dutch has many
compound words. For instance
(de) spoorweg
2
- 'railroad' like in English,
and (de) overgang
- like 'overpass' in English, though in
Dutch it means 'crossing' at the same level, and of different kinds
of road. ('Intersection' is (het) kruispunt
2)
But unlike English, Dutch can
combine those words into spoorwegovergang
('railroad crossing')
and even further to
spoorwegovergangwachter
- the attendant at the crossing who
takes care of (or checks on) the lowering and lifting the traffic barriers. God and dienst ('service') combine to godsdienst 2 ('religion.') 'Free' is vrij and 'freedom, liberty' is vrijheid 2. These words combine to make (de) godsdienstvrijheid ('freedom of religion.') Just as important is (de) gewetensvrijheid ('freedom of conscience') - the freedom to change your religion, and (de) vrijheid van meningsuiting ('freedom of [expressing opinion] speech.') |
In English, compound words may need the approval of Mr Webster and the
Queen, but in Dutch any native speaker can make up compound
words.
I remember, long ago in a shop, two teenagers came in and asked
for an 'inkijkboek'
2
('lookup book.') The other people in the store laughed (in a
friendly way) but it was perfectly clear what was meant, and I
admired the kids for coming up with such a nice word. The regular Dutch
word is (de) catalogus
2
3. I may have made up one or two of the words on this page myself. But not all word combinations are correct Dutch and some sound unpleasant, like the German-style meerprijs 2 ('a higher price') that's sometimes seen in ads: "Voor een geringe meerprijs ..." 2 'At a slightly higher price ...' Foreigners may not have a good sense of what's right. 'Darkroom' is the only example that I can think of where an English compound word translates into two Dutch words: donkere kamer 2. |
het) voorhoofd 2 | [head front, front head] - brow |
(de) voorhoofdsholte | [brow cavity] - sinus |
(de) voorhoofdsholteontsteking 2 3 | sinus infection |
(de) longontsteking | [lung infection] - pneumonia |
(de) blindedarmontsteking | [blind-gut infection] - appendicitis |
(de) bloedarmoede | [blood poverty] - anaemia |
(de) hersenschudding 2 | [brain-shaking] - concussion |
(de) hersenbloeding 2 | [brain bleeding, brain haemorrhage] - stroke |
(de) suikerziekte | [sugar-illness] - diabetes |
(de) fiets 2 3 | bicycle, bike ‑>> |
(het) rijwiel | bicycle - bureaucratese, like in law books and police reports |
(de) driewieler 2 | tricycle |
(de) wielrijder 2 | bicyclist - bureaucratese |
(de) driewielrijder 2 3 | tricyclist - a word I thought up myself and that's OK |
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Gij zult niet stelen
'Thou shalt not steal'