Major Exceptions to Dutch Phonetic Spelling 1

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Do take my words for it
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These pronunciation pages are not meant for learning vocabulary. The English translations may lack in precision. But if you like, follow the occasional links ‑>> to explanation, examples of usage and/or related words.
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'Master Lists' of Dutch words: Dutch to English - English to Dutch

Major Exceptions to the Phonetic Spelling of Dutch - page 1

Major Exceptions ... page 2 - Minor Exceptions

Hear the Dutch Letters in Hundreds of Words:
AU/OU E EI/IJ EU G H L OE U UI W X Y

Dutch spelling is rather phonetic. When you know the spelling rules, from hearing a word you can usually tell how it's written, and from seeing a written word you can usually tell how it's pronounced. But a few exceptions ...

bijzonder ('special') - "bie-" - not "bij-"
'voiceless, unstressed E' (the 'schwa')
een ('a') - not één 2 ('one')
het 2 ('the' #2) is often said as 't
-IG "-UhG"
-ISCH "-IES"
-LIJK 2 "-LUhK"

bijzonder		voiceless, unstressed E, the 'schwa'

een / 'n		het / 't		-IG		-ISCH		-LIJK

Most Dutch words ending in -IG, -ISCH and -LIJK are adjectives and adverbs; adjectives in most positions get an -E ending ‑>>

Bijzonder

The IJ in 'bijzonder'

('special') is pronounced as Dutch 'long I' (IE)

and not as the EI/IJ

you'd expect from the spelling

een bijzondere vrouw a (great) special, extraordinary woman iets bijzonders 2 something special 'Bijzonder' lijkt de enige uitzondering 'Bijzonder' seems to be, looks like the only exception geen bijzondere reden 2 3 4 (for) no special reason ‑>>

't Is niet vies ... 2 3 It doesn't taste bad ... ... maar 't is ook niet bijzonder 2 ... but it's not special either Maar 't had lekkerder kunnen zijn 2 But it could have been better (-tasting)

Voiceless, Unstressed E

The vowels A, I, O and U have 'long' and 'short' versions and generally follow the spelling and pronunciations rules - you can usually tell from the spelling if these vowels are 'long' or 'short,' and from hearing the word you'll know how it's written.
'Long' and 'short' are traditional terms. The difference is actually more of tone than length.

Dutch spelling/pronunciation rules say that:

a double vowel is always 'long'
(de) slaap ('sleep') - (de) vloot 2 ('fleet')
a single vowel at the end of a word is always 'long' (except E)
(de) sla ('lettuce') - (de) vlo 2 ('flea') - de 2 ('the' #1)
a single vowel followed by one or more consonants at the end of a word is 'short'
slap ('weak') - (het) vlot 2 3 ('raft')
a single vowel followed by one consonant followed by another vowel is 'long.' - The syllables split is before the single consonant. (This works somewhat like English 'silent E,' though in Dutch the second vowel will not be silent)
slapen (sla-pen) ('to sleep) vloten (vlo-ten) 2 ('fleets')
a single vowel followed by two or more consonants is 'short.' The syllable break is between the consonants, so in effect this says: 'a single vowel followed by one or more consonants at the end of a syllable is 'short.''
slappe (slap-pe) ('weak') - vlotten (vlot-ten) 2 3 ('rafts')
This rule 'works' for double consonants, but not always when the consonants are different

So (de) man

2 ('man, human adult male) has the plural mannen (man-nen)

2 while (de) maan

2 ('moon') has the plural manen (ma-nen)

2 3

More about spelling and pronunciation - another version
Learn the Rules by Studying and Listening to Examples

E is not like the other vowels because next to 'short' E and 'long' E there is a third E, the 'voiceless, unstressed E' (the 'schwa.')

ee/e

e ("uh")

This 'third E' is outside the 'long' and 'short' spelling and pronunciation rules. A single E in a word can be 'long,' 'short' or 'voiceless, unstressed.' Dutch people will have heard the words pronounced correctly many times and generally have no trouble when to use which E, but it must be a problem for foreign students. There are good, simple rules, but they do not cover all cases and there are (of course!) exceptions to the rules.

The syllables with 'stress' in the word don't have voiceless, unstressed E's, though there are a few one-syllable words with voiceless, unstressed E - list

Single E at the end of a word
Single E after a consonant at the end of a word is almost always pronounced as voiceless, unstressed E:

BE-, GE-, TE- and VER- Prefixes
word beginnings be-, ge-, te- and ver- have voiceless, unstressed E:

-EN, -ER and -EL suffixes
word endings -en, -er and -el have voiceless, unstressed E:

Find a more elaborate explanation with hundreds of examples on my The Dutch E page

EEN / 'N

The Dutch indefinite article ('a') een

is pronounced with voiceless, unstressed E

('the 'schwa') and not the 'long E'

you'd expect from the spelling. It can also be written as " 'n. "

'One' is één 2 3 - the number 1 and 'one' meaning 'quantity: one,' usually written with accents
Iemand zal een oplosing moeten vinden Someone will have to find a solution Er is maar één oplossing 2 There's only one solution more

HET / 'T

The Dutch definite article ('the') #2 het

2 is often pronounced as 't

and can phonetically more correctly be written as " 't. " ‑>>

het is	it's, it is
't is 2 3	it's, it is
Het Delft van Vermeer	The Delft of Vermeer, Vermeer's Delft
't Delft van Vermeer	The Delft of Vermeer, Vermeer's Delft

The -IG Ending

The -IG ending

is pronounced with voiceless, unstressed E

('the 'schwa') and not the 'short I'

you'd expect from the spelling.
(The Dutch 'voiceless, unstressed E' sounds the same as the Dutch 'short U'

)
Almost all words of more than one syllable with an -IG ending are adjectives or adverbs or words derived from adjectives and adverbs

A few examples to start out with:
luchtig ('airy, light // not serious')
schichtig 2 3 ('skittish, nervous, shy')
twintig (' 20 ') numbers
gezellig 2 3 (untranslatable: '~pleasant, ~nice, ~enjoyable, ~gregarious, ~cosy') ->>

gewelddadig / gewelddadige 2 ('violent') ‑>>
overdadig ('excessive, lavish')
ongenadig 2 3 ('merciless') ‑>>
eerbiedig 2 ('respectful') ‑>>
oneerbiedig 2 ('irreverent')
volledig 2 3 4 / volledige 2 ('complete, full') ‑>>
overvloedig ('abundant')
armoedig ('looking poor') ‑>>
spoedig 2 3 ('soon, shortly, speedy') ‑>>
huidig 2 / huidige 2 3 ('present, current')
spinnijdig 2 ('very angry' - 'like a spider?")
gelijktijdig ('at the same time')
partijdig 2 3 ('biased, subjective' - "taking sides")
onpartijdig 2 3 4 5 ('impartial, even-handed, not biased') ‑>>
voortijdig 2 3 ('premature, too early')
evenwijdig / evenwijdige 2 ('parallel')
veelzijdig ('many-side, versatile') ‑>>
onzijdig 2 3 ('neutral, neuter')
geldig 2 ('valid')
geweldig! ('great!') ‑>>
geduldig 2 3 ('patient') ‑>>
ongeduldig 2 ('impatient')
schuldig 2 3 ('guilty') ‑>>
onschuldig 2 ('innocent')
zorgvuldig 2 ('careful, precise, with care and precision') ‑>>
onzorgvuldig 2 3 ('careless, sloppy, inaccurate')
handig 2 ('skillful, 'good with their hands,' but also 'clever' // handy, convenient')
onhandig ('clumsy, awkward') ‑>>
vijandig 2 ('hostile') ‑>>
zelfstandig 2 ('independent')
verstandig ('sensible, prudent') / verstandige ('sensible, prudent') ‑>>
onverstandig ('not sensible,' "a bad idea")
levendig 2 ('lively, animated, vivid') ‑>>
oneindig ('endless, infinite ∞') ‑>>
mondig ('having a voice, being heard')
zondig ('sinful') ‑>>
overbodig 2 3 ('superfluous, unnecessary')
nodig ('necessary, needed') ‑>>
onnodig 2 3 4 5 ('unnecessary')
zonodig 2 ('if necessay')
aardig 2 3 / aardige 2 3 ('kind, nice // rather, considerably') ‑>>
onaardig 2 3 ('unkind')
kwaadaardig 2 3 4 ('with evil intentions // malignant')
goedaardig 2 3 ('meaning well // benign')
zachtaardig 2 ('soft-hearted')
rechtvaardig ('just') ‑>>
gelijkwaardig / gelijkwaardige 2 3 4 ('of equal value, similar') ‑>>
merkwaardig 2 3 4 ('strange, curious')
slordig 2 ('careless, sloppy // ~good')
tegenwoordig 2 3 ('present, presently, nowadays') ‑>>
eenvoudig / eenvoudige 2 ('simple, easy to solve') ‑>>
zesvoudig ('sixfold') ‑>>

(lawaaiïg) lawaaiig 2 (lawaaiïge) lawaaiige ('noisy') ‑>>
(heiïg) heiig ('hazy' - old-fashioned)

(zijïg) zijig ('silky // soft-headed, weak-kneed')

rechthoekig 2 / rechthoekige 2 ('rectangular') ‑>>
oppervlakkig 2 3 ([surface-y] - 'superficial')
krakkemikkig 2 3 R ('about to fall apart, unreliable' - slang)
gelukkig 2 3 / gelukkige 2 3 ('lucky // (happy)') ‑>>

schandalig ('outrageous, scandalous')
tweetalig 2 3 ('bilingual')
zalig ('blessed' // 'heavenly, delicious')
rampzalig 2 ('disastrous')
gelig ('yellowish') ‑>>
zielig 2 ('pitiable, to be pitied, sorry')
akelig ('awfyl, unpleasant, nasty')
brokkelig 2 ('crumbly')
gevoelig 2 ('sensitive') ‑>>
griezelig 2 3 4 ('gruesome, ghastly, grisly')
duizelig 2 ('dizzy')
heilig / heilige ('saintly, holy') ‑>>
schijnheilig 2 3 ([seemingly holy] - 'hypocritical')
veilig 2 / veilige ('safe, secure') ‑>>
toevallig 2 ('random') ‑>>
gezellig 2 3 (untranslatable: '~pleasant, ~nice, ~enjoyable, ~gregarious, ~cosy') ->>
vrijwillig ('voluntarily')
grillig ('whimsical, unpredictable' // of irregular shape)
jolig 2 3 ('jolly')
onverschillig 2 ('indifferent')
moedwillig 2 ('deliberate')
oubollig ('droll, deliberately silly')
overtollig ('superfluous')

meerstemmig ('polyphonic' - music)
grimmig 2 ('grisly, grim')
onstuimig ('passionate, tempestuous, turbulent ')
romig 2 3 4 ('creamy') ‑>>

enig ('only, unique // any') ‑>>
groenig 2 ('greenish') ‑>>
geinig 2 ('funny')
weinig 2 ('little, few') ‑>>
chagerijnig 2 / (sagerijnig 2) ('in a bad mood')
krankzinnig 2 ('insane, crazy')
eigenzinnig 2 (['following your own sense'] - 'self-willed, idiosyncratic, quirky, ~unorthodox')
diepzinnig 2 ('profound')
zonnig 2 3 ('sunny') ‑>>
zuinig 2 ('frugal, careful with spending money') ‑>>

zompig ('swampy' - jocular)
voorlopig 2 ('temporary, for the moment, for the time being') ‑>>
grappig 2 3 - grappig / grappige ('funny, amusing, humorous') ‑>>
koppig 2 ('headstrong')
langwerpig ([long-throw] - 'elongated, oblong') ‑>>

jarig ([yeary] - 'having a birthday') ‑>>
karig 2 ('sparing, scarce, meager')
glibberig 2 3 4 ('slippery')
wieberig 2 ('gone, away' - slang)
nederig 2 ('humble')
weelderig 2 3 ('luxurious, ample')
bedlegerig ('bedridden')
hongerig 2 ('hungry') ‑>>
nieuwsgierig 2 3 ('curious, inquisitive, eager to know things') ‑>>
plezierig 2 ('pleasant, enjoyable') ‑>>
onplezierig 2 3 ('unpleasant, annoying')
blikkerig 2 ('tinny' - sound)
smerig 2 3 / smerige 2 3 ('dirty, filthy, soiled' - unpleasantly, disgustingly so) ‑>>
katterig ('having a hangover // feeling flu symptoms')
kleverig ('sticky')
ijverig 2 3 ('hard-working, diligent, industrious')
vorig - vorig / vorige 2 ('previous') ‑>>
langdurig 2 ('long-lasting, lengthy')
geurig 2 ('aromatic, having a strong nice smell')
keurig ('proper, neat')
willekeurig 2 / willekeurige 2 ('random') ‑>>
nauwkeurig ('precise') ‑>>
treurig / treurige ('sad, deplorable') ‑>>
vurig ('fiery, passionate')

vadsig ('flabby, overweight')
rossig / rossige 2 ('reddish') ‑>>
koortsig 2 3 ('feverish, having a fever' - literally)

matig 2 ('moderate, moderately')
regelmatig / regelmatige ('regular')
overmatig ('excessive')
statig 2 ('stately, grand, solemn')
huichelachtig ('hypocritical')
raadselachtig ([riddle-like] - 'enigmatic')
neerslachtig 2 3 4 ('depressed') ‑>>
machtig 2 ('powerful, "mighty" // very filling') ‑>>
regenachtig 2 3 ('rainy') ‑>>
krampachtig 2 ('forced, frantic,' "not flowing")
kinderachtig 2 ('childish')
reusachtig 2 3 ('gigantic, very large') ‑>>
koortsachtig 2 3 ('feverish, frantic')
krachtig 2 3 / krachtige 2 ('powerful, strong') ‑>>
prachtig 2 ('beautiful, great, enjoyable')
tachtig ('80') numbers
vergeetachtig ('forgetful') ‑>>
beestachtig 2 3 ('like a beast, savage // beastly, terrible')
amechtig ('breathless // short-winded' - both old-fashioned)
schichtig 2 3 - ('skittish, nervous, shy')
spichtig 2 3 ('wispy, spidery')
medeplichtig 2 3 4 CHG ('accessory') (de) medeplichtige 2 3 ('accomplice') gewichtig ('self-important, pompous // important, significant')
doorzichtig 2 ('see-through, transparent')
voorzichtig 2 ('careful, with caution') ‑>> voorzichtig! 2 ('be careful!') achterdochtig 2 3 ('suspicious, paranoid')
vochtig 2 ('damp')
hardvochtig 2 3 4 5 ('hard-hearted, heartless')
duchtig 2 ('thorough, sound, good')
luchtig ('airy, light')
vluchtig 2 3 ('fleetingly, superficial')
luidruchtig / luidruchtige ('loud, noisy') ‑>>
gemakzuchtig 2 3 ('craving ease and comfort')
oorlogszuchtig 2 3 ('craving war, warlike')
gretig 2 3 ('eager')
heldhaftig 2 3 ('brave, heroic')
heftig 2 / heftige 2 3 ('violent, fierce' // "heavy" - slang)
vijftig ('50') numbers
negentig ('90') numbers
zeventig ('70') numbers
twintig ('20') numbers
dertig ('30') numbers
haastig 2 3 ('hasty, hurriedly') ‑>>
geestig ('witty')
naargeestig 2 3 4 ('depressing, gloomy')
ernstig 2 / ernstige 2 3 ('serious') ‑>>
gunstig ('favorable')
hartig hartige 2 ('savory' (not sweet) 'salty, hearty, umami?') ‑>>
hooghartig 2 ('haughty, arrogant, condescending?)
openhartig 2 3 4 ('frank, straightforward')
veertig ('40') numbers
lastig 2 ('bothersome, troublesone, difficult')
zestig ('60') numbers
mistig 2 ('foggy, misty')
roestig 2 3 ('rusty')
rustig / rustige 2 3 ('quiet, calm') ‑>>
onrustig 2 3 ('restless, agitated, not quiet')
prettig / prettige 2 3 ('pleasant, nice, enjoyable') ‑>>
onprettig 2 3 ('unpleasant, disagreeable')
pittig 2 ('full-flavored, strong-tasting') ‑>>
pietluttig 2 3 ('petty, niggling')
nuttig ('useful')

smeuïg 2 ('smooth, creamy, appetizing' - "easy to eat"- food)

hevig 2 / hevige 3 ('violent, vehement, intense, vehement')
stevig 2 (3) / stevige 2 ('solid, substantial')
goedgelovig 2 3 ('credulous, quick to believe')
droevig ('sad') ‑>>

eeuwig 2 ([centuries-like] - 'eternal')

bazig ([boss-like] - 'bossy, domineering, overbearing')
bezig 2 ('busy') ‑>> bezigheden 2 3 ('activities') aanwezig / aanwezige 2 ('present,' "is here," 'available')
gulzig 2 ('feeling an eager, almost compulsive urge to eat')
ranzig 2 ('rancid, spoiled' - oil, fat)

(de) viezigheid 2 3 1. (literally) dirt, muck
2. (figuratively) smut, filth (de) vuiligheid 2 3 dirt, filth // smut
verontreinigd 'contaminated, polluted, fouled' ('rein' 2 is an old-fashioned word for 'clean' or 'pure') (de) luchtverontreiniging 2 3 air pollution
(de) rottigheid 2 3 unpleasantness, misery
beledigen 2 3 to insult
beledigend 2 3 insulting
een groffe belediging 2 a grave insult aankondigen 2 3 to announce
vermenigvuldigen 2 3 ('to multiply')
enigszins 2 3 4 [in some sense] - somewhat, slightly (de) vaardigheid 2 3 skill, ability
(de) vertegenwoordiger 2 a representative, delegate // travelling salesman De zuinige huisvrouw ('the frugal housewife')
Lammigje 2 a girls' name

Of course, one-syllable words don't have suffixes:
(de) wig ('wedge') - (de) big ('young pig') - ik lig ('I'm lying down')
- and another exception: (de) vaandrig 2 ('army cadet officer')

The -ISCH Ending

The -ISCH ending

is pronounced with Dutch 'long I' (IE)

(English EE) and not the 'short I'

you'd expect from the spelling, and the CH is dropped.

psychisch 2 3 4 ('psychological, mental')

sporadisch ('sporadic')
medisch ('medical') ‑>>
Indisch ('from the Dutch Indies' // 'from India')

tragisch 2 / tragische ('tragical')
Belgisch 2 3 4 / Belgische 2 ('Belgian')
logisch ('logical')
biologisch ('biological' // "organic" - food)
allergisch ('allergic')

dynamisch ('dynamic')
biodynamisch ("biodynamic" - food growing theory)
chemisch / chemische ('chemical') ‑>>
komisch 2 ('comical') ‑>>

mechanisch 2 ('mechanical')
organisch ('organic' - chemistry)
anorganisch ('anorganic' - chemistry)
hygiënisch 2 ('hygienic')
oecumenisch 2 (3) (Greek OE - 'ecumenical')
chronisch ('chronic, chronical')
diatonisch ('diatonic' - music)
cynisch 2 ('cynical')

typisch ('typical, characteristic')

vegetarisch 2 ('vegetarian')
lyrisch 2 ('lyrical')
elektrisch / elektrische ('electric') ‑>>
symmetrisch 2 3 ('symmetrical')

basisch ('alkaline, basic')

systematisch 2 ('systematical')
dogmatisch ('dogmatical')
problematisch 2 ('problematic')
chromatisch ('chromatic' - music)
psychosomatisch 2 ('psychosomatic')
automatisch 2 * ('automatic')
homeopathisch ('homeopathic')
synthetisch ('synthetic')
kritisch 2 ('critical')
gigantisch 2 ('gigantic') ‑>>
Romantisch ('Romantic')
chaotisch 2 ('chaotic')
fantastisch 2 3 / fantastische ('fantastic')
realistisch ('realistic')
optimistisch ('optimistic')
pessimistisch ('pessimistic')

Mulisch 2 3 - a name from German
Dutch author Harry Mulisch

technisch inzicht 2 3 4 [technical insight] - a good understanding of technology, how mechanical things work, how to handle tools

Writing the page, the Dutch -ISCH ending looks rather old-fashioned. My Dad wrote -IES instead in the 1930, when there were plans for a spelling reform that way, but it never came about. It feels long overdue. Changing the -IG and -LIJK endings would be much more problematic.

The -LIJK Ending 2

The -LIJK ending

2 is pronounced with voiceless, unstressed E

('the 'schwa') and not the EI/IJ

you'd expect from the spelling.

kwalijk 2 ('~bad, ~ill, ~amiss')
belachelijk 2 ('ridiculous') ‑>>
onmiddelijk ('immediately, right away')
redelijk 2 / redelijke ('reasonable, reasonable, fair // rational, sensible') ‑>>
onredelijk 2 3 ('not reasonable, unreasonable, unfair, not right, unjust')
duidelijk / duidelijke - duidelijk/duidelijke 2 ('clear, understandable') ‑>>
tijdelijk 2 ('temporary')
geleidelijk 2 3 ('gradual, at a slow, measured pace')
onvermijdelijk 2 3 ('unavoidable')
zuidelijk ('southern')
vijandelijk 2 ('hostile')
eindelijk ('finally, at last') ‑>>
uiteindelijk 2 3 ('in the end, when all was said and done')
vriendelijk vriendelijke 2 ('friendly') ‑>>
ondoorgrondelijk 2 ('unfathomable, incomprehensible')
noordelijk 2 ('northern')
verantwoordelijk / verantwoordelijke 2 ('responsible,' "to blame") ‑>>
onverantwoordelijk 2 3 ('irresponsible, ~stupid')
onophoudelijk 2 ('unending, continuing, ceaselessly, incessantly')
vrijelijk ('freely, unrestrained')
stoffelijk 2 stoffelijke ('physical, material, of matter, real')
ongelofelijk / ongelooflijk ('unbelievably')
erfelijk 2 3 ('inheritable, hereditary, congenital')
bederfelijk 2 ('perishable, not shelf-stable')
degelijk degelijke 2 3 ('reliable, sound')
walgelijk 2 3 ('disgusting')
mogelijk 2 / mogelijke ('possible') ‑>>
onmogelijk 2 ('impossible')
dergelijk dergelijke ('similar, of that kind')
vermakelijk 2 3 ('amusing, entertaining')
onsmakelijk 2 ('tasting bad' - literally // 'in bad taste' - figuratively)
noodzakelijk ('necessary')
aanstekelijk 2 3 ('infectuous')
rijkelijk ('lavish, rich, copious')
onovergankelijk 2 ('intransitive' - verbs)
gebruikelijk 2 ('common, usual')
ongebruikelijk 2 3 4 5 6 7 ('unusual')
makkelijk makkelijke 2 ‑>>
- gemakkelijk / gemakkelijke ('easy') ‑>>
aantrekkelijk ('attractive')
verschrikkelijk / verschrikkelijke 2 ('terrible, awful')
verrukkelijk 2 3 / verrukkelijke 2 ('very enjoyable, delightful, great!')
overgankelijk 2 ('transitive' - verbs)
afhankelijk / afhankelijke ('dependent, depending on, relying on')
onafhankelijk ('independent')
aanvankelijk 2 ('at first, initially')
bedenkelijk 2 ('worrying, dubiopus, doubtful, questionable')
oorspronkelijk 2 3 ('originally')
werkelijk 2 ('real') (de) werkelijkheid 2 reality lelijk 2 lelijke 2 3 ('ugly') ‑>>
namelijk ... ("to wit" )
tamelijk 2 ('rather')
lichamelijk lichamelijke ('physical, bodily') lichamelijk letsel 2 bodily harm heimelijk 2 ('secretly, in secret, hidden')
erbarmelijk 2 ('pathetic, pitiable')
mannelijk 2 / mannelijke ('male')
vermoedelijk ('supposedly, probably')
begrijpelijk 2 ('understandable, clear')
onbegrijpelijk 2 3 ('incomprehensible, impossible to understand, ~not reasonable')
onherroepelijk 2 ([cannot be recalled] - 'irrevocable, irreversible')
vreselijk ('terrible, horrible')
ijselijk ('gruesome, blood-curdling, horrible')
misselijk 2 3 4 ('nauseated, nauseous // mean')
ambtelijk 2 ('official')
onoverzichtelijk 2 3 ('cluttered, badly organized')
hartstochtelijk 2 3 ('passionate')
schriftelijk 2 ('in writing')
gedeeltelijk 2 3 / gedeeltelijke 2 ('partly')
feestelijk 2 3 ('festive')
westelijk 2 ('western')
christelijk ("gristelijk" 2) ('christian' - protestant)
oostelijk 2 3 ('eastern')
besmettelijk ('contagious')
afschuwelijk 2 ('horrifying, horrible, terrible')
vrouwelijk / vrouwelijke ('female')
gruwelijk ('gruesome, atrocious')

behaaglijk 2 3 4 ('comfortable, pleasant, enjoyable' - temperature)

moeilijk / moeilijke ('difficult')

billijk ('fair, reasonable, legitimate')

eigenlijk 2 (3) ('actually') ‑>>
aanzienlijk 2 3 ('considerably, considerable')
gezamenlijk 2 ('together, complete')
aandoenlijk 2 3 4 5 ('affecting, touching, moving') ‑>>
ondoenlijk 2 3 ([undoable] 'cannot be done' - said about an impossible task or job)
fatsoenlijk 2 ('decent')
waarschijnlijk 2 ('probably')
onwaarschijnlijk 2 ('unlikely')
hoogstwaarschijnlijk 2 ('most likely')
persoonlijk persoonlijke 2 ('personal, in person') (de) persoonlijkheid 2 3 personality
per persoon 2 3 4 * for each (person)'

olijk ('roguish, funny-sly')
vrolijk ('cheerful')

gevaarlijk 2 3 ('dangerous')
levensgevaarlijk 2 ('at risk of mortal danger')
veranderlijk 2 3 ('changeable')
hinderlijk 2 ('interfering, annoying')
kinderlijk 2 ('childlike')
afzonderlijk / afzonderlijke 2 ('separate')
eerlijk ('honest, fair')
deerlijk 2 3 4 ('pitiful, sorely')
heerlijk 2 3 ('greatly enjoyable')
ergerlijk ('annoying')
uiterlijk 2 ('on the surface, exterior, outwardly')
letterlijk 2 3 ('literally')
figuurlijk 2 3 ('figuratively')
natuurlijk ('natural' // 'of course!') / natuurlijke 2 ('natural')

dagelijks 2	'daily' (every day)
wekelijks 2	'weekly'
maandelijks 2	'monthly'
jaarlijks 2	'yearly'

(het) huwelijk ('marriage')
(de) geestelijke 2 ('cleric, man of the cloth')
eet smakelijk! [Wishing you a tasty meal] - enjoy your meal! onmenselijk vroeg 2 [inhumanely] beastly early

Note that a few short words end in 'regular' -LIJK with IJ-sound. One-syllable words don't have suffixes, but there's also gelijk 2 ('equal') (voiceless E 'ge-' prefix)
(het) lijk ('dead human body') - (het) slijk 2 ('mire, sludge') - (het) blijk ('evidence')
gelijk 2 ('equal') ‑>> - (de) gelijkheid ('equality') - gelijkwaardig ('of equal value') - soortgelijk ('similar')

Major Exceptions ... page 2 - Minor Exceptions - Minor Exceptions - another version

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