Intro 1: Just Listen to a few G's |
|
Introduction 1: Just Listen to a few G's
(de) G
2
3
4
Listen to a few Dutch G's: just listen,
don't worry about meaning. Worry about verbs another day.
Geen groter genoegen
no greater pleasure,
the greatest enjoyment
Graag gedaan!
['a pleasure to have done'] - you're welcome,
'my pleasure'
De gong ging
2
3
4
5
The gong [went] sounded - the program will
start soon
English | Dutch infinitive |
simple present singular |
simple present plural |
simple past singular |
simple past plural |
perfect tense |
English example: | to come |
I come | we come |
I came | we came |
I have come |
to give | geven |
ik geef | wij geven |
ik gaf | wij gaven |
ik heb gegeven |
2
- ‑>>
|
to start, begin | beginnen |
ik begin | wij beginnen |
ik begon | wij begonnen |
ik ben begonnen |
2
3
‑>>
|
to get | krijgen |
ik krijg | wij krijgen |
ik kreeg | wij kregen |
ik heb gekregen |
2
- ‑>>
|
to lie down | liggen |
ik lig | wij liggen |
ik lag | wij lagen |
ik heb gelegen |
- ‑>>
|
to lay down | leggen |
ik leg | wij leggen |
ik legde | wij legden |
ik heb gelegd |
2
- ‑>> |
|
to lie, say what's not | liegen |
ik lieg | wij liegen |
ik loog | wij logen |
ik heb gelogen |
|
to understand
(ideas) | begrijpen |
ik begrijp | wij begrijpen |
ik begreep | wij begrepen |
ik heb begrepen |
- ‑>>
|
The Dutch G
I don't have much practical advice to give on how to produce the sound of
the Dutch G (clearing or scraping your
throat?) but on this page you can hear hundreds of examples of the
Dutch G, in combination with the other letters
- try saying them after me, and record yourself or ask a friend to
compare how you say it with how I say it. There are usually several
sound files with small variations in pronunciation - just choose
the one that sounds best to you to follow as a model.
Probably, some word combinations are more difficult than
others - look for easier ones to start with.
![[The Dutch Big Rivers]](artwork6/NLRivieren_text2_500.jpg) |
This page is about how the G is pronounced in the
Northern part of the Netherlands
(Nederland
2
- 'Holland'
‑>>)
- boven de grote rivieren
2
3
([above] 'North of the big rivers.')
In the Southern part of
the country and in Dutch-speaking Belgium the G (and CH) are
pronounced differently. It's called the
Zachte G
2
3
('soft G.') Hear a few of my attempts to imitate the
Zachte G
2
3
on my Regional G page - see
also below
larger map
|
There is no sound like the Dutch G in English or French, but it is
like J in European Spanish, and there is
a sound much like it in Hebrew and Arabic, and I'm told in Persian
too. English, German and French have a different G, a
'hard G'
like in English AGO and BEGIN, and French also has a second type of G
- see G in Words from French below. German has a
sound that is a bit like Dutch G
or CH, for
instance in the name 'Bach'
G and CH
The Dutch G and CH do not sound exactly the same, but the difference is
small. Beginning students shouldn't worry about it.
- the CH Page
Hear for yourself:
- lachen
2
('to laugh')
‑>>
- vlaggen
2
('flags')
- vlaggen / lachen / licht / ligt
2
- [(het)] licht
('light' // 'light')
- je ligt
2
3
4
5
('you're lying down')
- je licht
2
3
4
5
('your (bike) light')
- [(de)] echt
2
3
('real, really' // 'marriage')
- je legt
2
3
4
('you are laying down')
- wij loochenen
2
('we deny the truth of, we disclaim')
- wij logen
2
3
('we lied')
- (de) lach
('laugh')
- ik lach
2
('I'm laughing')
- ik lag
2
3
4
5
6
('I was lying down')
- zich
('yourself, oneself')
‑>>
- (de) big
('young pig')
- walgelijk
2
3
('disgusting')
- Walcheren
2
(former island in the province of Zeeland
2
['Sea-land']
The difference between CH and G may be more pronounced in
the Limburg dialect - when I try to imitate that the CH and G seem to be more
clearly different:
Standard (Northern) Dutch: zich geven
2
My attemtpts at Limburg dialect: zich geven
2
'Zich geven' - 'giving yourself' means something like
'to dedicate yourself to a noble goal'
See also: the SCH page
Introduction 2: Single Examples
of the Combinations
the: de
2 /
het
2
3
- 't
->>
Plurals always take 'de'
a: (een) - 'n
/ one: één
2
3
Single Examples of Letters Combined with G
- gammel
2
3
('unwell, rickety')
- ga!
2
('go!')
- gauw
2
('quick, soon')
- (de) hoogbouw
2
3
4
('high-rise buildings')
- (het) wegdek
2
3
('road surface, American pavement')
- gekke
2
('crazy, insane')
- geel
2
3
4
('yellow')
- gevaar
('danger')
- gezellig
2
3
(untranslatable ‑>>) 'pleasant, nice, enjoyable,
gregarious, cosy')
- (de) geit
2
('goat')
- (de) geur
2
3
4
('smell, odor')
- (de) ligfiets
2
3
('recumbent bicycle')
- hooghartig
2
('haughty, arrogant')
- (de) gil
2
('shriek')
- (de) gierst
2
('millet')
- gij
2
(Flemish 'you')
- (het) pleegkind
('foster child')
- (het) glas
2
('glass' // 'a glass')
- (het) fragment
('fragment, small piece of ...')
- (de) magneet
2
('magnet')
- magnifiek (from French)
("magnificent")
- golven
2
('waves')
- (de) goot
2
('gutter')
- goed
2
3
('good, well, correct etc.)
- (het) goud
2
('gold')
- (het) bergpad
('mountain') path, trail
- groot
2
3
4
5
('large, tall, big, great')
- (de) oogst
('harvest')
- (de) leegte
2
3
4
5
6
7
('emptiness' - usually figuratively)
- gul
/ gul/gulle
('generous, cordial')
- guur
2
3
('inclement,' 'very bad, very unpleasant, harsh' - weather)
(de) guit
('rascal')
- (het) vliegveld
2
('airport')
- (de) wegwijzer
('road sign' giving directions)
- (de/het) gym
2
3
(1. 'gym, sports' 2. '"Latin" secondary school'
3. 'gym and sports hall'
- (de) rugzak
2
('back-[bag]-pack')
- (de) dag
2
('day')
- (de) dagen
2
('days')
- (de) augurk
2
('pickle')
- ik heb gegeten
('I have eaten')
- (het) aardgas
2
('natural gas')
- (de) heg
('hedge')
- (het) deeg
('dough')
- (het) begin
('start, beginning')
- (het) eigeel
([egg-yellow] 'egg yolk')
- (de) jeugd
2
('youth')
- gifgroen
2
3
4
5
('"poison" green' - very bright)
- romig
2
3
4
('creamy')
- (de) big
('young pig')
- (de) spiegel
2
('mirror')
- krijgen
('to get, receive' - without effort
‑>>
- (de) buikgriep
2
('stomach flu, food poioning')
- (het) gevolg
('result, effect, consequence')
- (de) omgeving
('environment')
- (de) ringvinger
('ring finger')
- ongeluk
2
('accident')
- de oorlog
('the war')
- (het) oog
2
('eye')
- genoeg
('enough')
- opgelet!
2
3
4
('pay attention!')
- erg
('very' // 'bad')
- (het) knoopsgat
('buttonhole')
- (de) uitgang
2
('exit')
- (de) rug
('back' - body part)
- spugen
2
('to spit,' // 'to vomit, throw up')
- (de) getuige
('witness')
- (de) hygiëne
2
3
('hygiene')
Two types of French G:
- (de) energie
2 ('energy')
- (de) guerilla
2 ('guerilla')
Hear Many Words with G
The 'first series' is grouped by the letter after the G's, the
'second series' is grouped by the letter before the G's:
- G first series: GA-GZ
- G second series: AG-YG
the: de
2 /
het
2
3
- 't
->>
Plurals always take 'de'
a: (een) - 'n
/ one: één
2
3
Repeat the words after me, try saying them like I do, and record
yourself or ask a friend to compare how you say them with how I say
them.Try to bring your pronunciation of the words closer and closer to how I say them. Use as few or as many examples as you like.
GA |
- (de) gabber
('friend, comrade' - slang)
- gaf
('gave' singular simple past of 'geven')
- (het) gajes
('bad people' - slang)
- (de) gal
2
('gall')
- (de) galg
2
3
4
('gallows')
- (het) gambiet
('gambit' - chess etc.)
- gammel
2
3
('unwell, rickety')
- (de) gang
('corridor // movement')
- gangbaar
2
3
('valid, current, accepted')
- (de) gans
('goose')
- (de) garage
(2nd G French - 'car housing // car repair workshop')
- (de) garantie
('warranty')
- (de) garde
('whisk' // 'guard')
- (de) garnaal
('shrimp, lobster')
- (het) gas
2
('gas' - not a solid, not a liquid)
- (de) gast
2
('guest')
- (het) gat
('hole')
- (de) gazelle
2
('gazelle' - also a Dutch bicycle brand)
|
GAA |
- ga!
2
('go!')
- gaaf
2
3
/ gaaf/gave
2
3
4
('undamaged, unblemished, perfect, flawless')
- [(de)] gave
2
('undamaged' etc. // 'gift, talent')
- gaan
('to go')
‑>>
- ga jij?
2
('are you going?' - to an event etc.)
- gaar
/ gare
2
('ready' - cooked)
- (het) garen
('thread')
- (het) gaas
('wire netting')
- (het) gaatje
('small hole, cavity')
- gaten
2
3
('holes')
- Gabriël
2
(a boys' name)
|
GAU |
- gauw
2
('quick, soon')
- Tot gauw!
('See you soon!')
- Kom gauw!
2
3
('Come quick!')
- in de gauwigheid
('in the rush of things, because I had to act quickly')
also hear GOU - below
|
GB |
- (het) ligbad
2
3
([lying-down bath] - 'bathtub')
- (het) dagboek
2
('diary')
- (de) slagboom
2
3
('barrier, gate' - at borders and railroad crossings)
- (de) dreigbrief
2
3
('threatening letter')
- (de) hoogbouw
2
3
4
('high-rise buildings')
- terugbrengen
2
(to bring back - 'to return')
- Egbert
(a boys' name)
- Egberts
(a family name)
- Wigbold
(a boys' name)
- Wigbout
(a boys' name)
|
GD |
- afgevaardigden
2
('representatives')
- afgezaagd
2
3
4
5
('sawed off, cut off' - past participle - but often
figuratively: 'boring, not original, heard too often already')
- jaagde
2
(simple past tense singular of jagen 'to hunt'
// 'to hurry' - vehicular)
- geslaagd
2
/ geslaagde
('succesfull' // past participle of slagen
'to pass an exam' // 'to succeed,
have success'
‑>>
- (het) wegdek
2
3
('road surface, American pavement')
- "Ik heb gezegd"
2
('I have spoken' - I'm done speaking // 'I have said')
- (het) gezegde
('saying'
‑>>
// 'the predicate' - grammar)
- (de) jeugd
2
('youth')
- (de) voogd
2
('guardian' of a child)
- (het) zoogdier
('mammal')
- Magda
2
(a girls' name)
|
GE |
- [(de)] gek
('crazy, insane' // 'crazy person')
- gekke
2
/ gek/gekke
2
('crazy, insane')
- (de) gekkigheid
2
3
('silliness, craziness')
- (het) geld
('money')
- gelden
2
('to count as, weigh // - to be applicable')
- geldig
2
('valid')
- (de) gember
('ginger')
- (het) gen
('gene')
- Germaans
2
3
('Germanic')
‑>>
- (de) gerst
2
('barley')
- Ger
(a boys' name)
- Gerben
(a boys' name)
- Gert
(a boys' name)
- Zottegem
(a town in Belgium)
|
GEE |
- geel
2
3
4
- gele
2
('yellow')
- geen
('no,' - not any, zero quantity)
‑>>
- (de) geest
('spirit, ghost')
- (de) geeuw
('yawn')
- genen
('genes')
- (de) generaal
2
('general')
- (de) geoloog
('geologist')
- geven
2
('to give')
- Gé
(a boys' name)
- Geert
(a boys' name)
- Gerard
(a boys' name)
- Geesje
(a girls' name)
- Geeske
2
(a girls' name)
|
GE (uh) |
- ge
('Flemish 'you'')
- geavanceerd
2
('advanced')
- (het) gebak
('pastry')
- (het) gebakje
('piece of pastry')
- (het) gebaar
('gesture')
- (het) gebed
2
3
('prayer')
- gebeden
2
('prayers')
- (het) gebit
2
3
('teeth')
- (het) gebied
2
('area')
- (het) gebod
2
('commandment')
- geboden
2
3
('commandments')
- (het) gebouw
2
('building')
- (het) gebrek
2
('lack, shortage')
- gecompliceerd
2
3
('complicated')
- (het) gedrag
2
3
('behavior')
- geëerd
2
('honored, respected')
- gefeliciteerd!
2
('congratulations!')
- (het) gegeven
2
('given, fact, information')
- gegevens
2
('data')
- gegleden
('slid' - past participle of
- glijden
2
- 'to slide')
- (het) gehakt
('ground beef or pork')
- gehaast
2
3
('hurried')
- [(het)] geheel
('entirely, completely' // 'entirety')
- [(het)] geheim
2
('secret')
- (het) geheugen
2
3
('memory' - the brain faculty)
- (het) gehoor
('hearing,' the sense of hearing // 'audience')
- geïnteresseerd
('interested')
- gekneusd
2
3
('bruised')
- gekookt
2
('boiled, cooked')
- gelaten
2
('resigned' // past participle of
laten
- 'to allow, let') ‑>>
- (het) geluid
('sound')
- gelukkig
2
/ gelukkige
2
('lucky, luckily' // 'happy' - old-fashioned)
- (de) gemeenschap
2
('community, society')
- (de) genade
2
('mercy')
- geopend
('opened, open')
- gepast geld
2
([fitting money] 'exact change')
- geregeld
2
3
('regular, regularly' // past participle of
regelen
2
'to arrange')
- (het) gerucht
2
('rumor')
- (het) geschenk
2
('gift, present')
- gescheurd
('ripped, torn')
- (de) geschiedenis
('hostory')
- geschokt
2
('shocked')
- geslaagd
2
('passed an exam' // 'successfull, met expectations')
- [(het]) geslacht
('gender, sex' // 'butchered')
- (het) getal
2
('number')
- (het) getij
2
3
('tide')
- (de) getuige
2
('witness')
- geuit (ge-uit)
2
('expressed, voiced')
- (het) gevecht
2
3
('fight' - physical)
- (het) gevolg
('result, consequence')
- (het) gewicht
('weight')
- gewichtig
('self-important')
- (het) gewricht
2
('joint' - bones connection point)
- (het) gezag
2
3
('authority')
- (het) gezegde
('saying' ‑>>
// 'the predicate,' - what is said in a sentence about the subject)
- gezellig
2
3
(untranslatable ‑>>) 'pleasant, nice, enjoyable,
gregarious, cosy')
- (het) gezelschap
2
('company')
- (het) gezicht
2
('face' // 'view')
|
GEI |
also hear GIJ below
- (de) gein
('fun' - slang)
- (het) geintje
('practical joke, something funny')
- geinig
2
('funny, entertaining')
- (de) geit
2
('goat')
|
GEU |
- (de) geul
2
3
4
('channel, groove, trench')
- (de) geur
2
3
4
('smell, odor')
- geurig
2
('having a noticeable nice smell')
- (het) geurtje
2
3
([little] 'smell, scent,' usually perfume, cologne)
- (de) Geus
('Dutch 16th Century rebel against Spanish rule)
- Geuzen
2
(Dutch 'minutemen, revolutionaries')
- Geurt
(a boys' name)
|
GF |
- (de) ligfiets
2
3
('recumbent bicycle')
- Agfa
2
(former? German photography brand)
- ragfijn
2
3
([fine like a spider's web] - 'very subtle')
|
GH |
- (de) waaghals
2
('daredevil')
- hooghartig
2
('haughty, arrogant')
- gezaghebbend
('authoritative, carrying authority')
- (de) gekkigheid
2
3
('silliness, craziness')
- (de) narigheid
2
3
('unpleasantness, trouble')
- (het) kleinigheidje
2
3
('little thing' - usually a small gift)
- terughoudend
2
3
([holding back] - 'reserved, aloof, detached')
- Hooghoudt
2
3
4
(a family name)
- Willighagen
2
(a family name)
|
GI |
- (de) gids
('guide')
- (het) vergif
2
('poison')
- (het) gifgas
2
('poison gas')
- gifgroen
2
3
4
5
('"poison" green' - very bright)
- (de) gil
2
('shriek')
- gillen
2
3
('to shriek, ~yell')
- ginnegappen
('to giggle, snigger')
- gissen
2
('to guess')
- gisteren
('yesterday')
|
GIE |
- giechelen
2
('to giggle')
- gigantisch
2
('gigantic')
- (de) giek
2
('boom' - sailboat part)
- (de) gier
2
3
4
('vulture' - a bird)
- (de) gierst
2
('millet')
- (de) gitaar
('guitar')
- gieten
2
('to pour')
- (de) gieter
('watering can')
- De Straat van Gibraltar
2
('The Straits of Gibraltar')
|
GIJ |
also hear GEI above
- gij
2
(Flemish 'you')
- Gijs
2
(a boys' name)
|
GK |
- (het) pleegkind
('foster child')
- (de) verpleegkundige
('nurse' - formal)
- (de) brugklas
('bridging grade' - first year of secondary school)
- terugkomen
2
('to return, come back')
- enig kind
('only child')
|
GL |
- glad
/ gladde
('slippery')
- (de) gladiool/gladiolen
('gladiolus/gladioli' - a flower)
- (het) glas
2
('glass' // 'a glass')
- glazen
('glasses' - for drinking // 'made of glass')
- glas / glazen
('glass' / 'glasses')
- (het) glaasje
('small glass')
- glibberig
2
3
4
('slippery')
- (het) ooglid
2
3
('eyelid')
- (de) glimlach
2
3
('smile')
- (de) glijbaan
('slide')
- glijden
2
('to slide')
- gloednieuw
2
3
([glowing-] 'brand-new')
- gluren
2
('to leer,' watch secretly)
|
GM |
- (het) magma
2
3
('hot, liquid rock')
- (het) fragment
('fragment, small piece of ...')
- (het) dogma
2
('dogma')
- dogmatisch
('dogmatic')
- graag mogen
2
3
('to like' - people, 'get on well with'
‑>>
- weg met ...!
2
3
4
('down with ...! do away with
...! kick out ...!')
‑>>
- Egmond
2
(a town // Dutch revolutionary, executed by the Spanish)
- (het) Wogmeer
2
('an old polder')
- Brugman
2
(16th Century motivational speaker')
|
GN |
- (de) gnoe
2
('gnu,' "wildebeest")
- (de) magneet
2
('magnet')
- (het) magnesium
('magnesium, Mg' - a metal)
- (de) magnetron
('microwave oven')
- (de) magnolia
2
('magnolia' - a tree)
- (de) zuignap
('suction cup')
- nog niet
2
3
('not yet')
- nog nooit
2
('never yet, still not')
- vraag niet waarom
2
('do not ask why')
- onderweg naar
2
3
('on the way to')
- op weg naar
2
3
('on the way to')
- Agnes
(a girls' name)
- Digna
(a girls' name)
French GN
In a few words from French GN is pronounced as
N-Consonant-Y,
Dutch NJ like in
(de) franje
2
3
('ornamental fringe' - also figuratively)
('Franje' is one of the very few words ending in
-JE that is not a 'het'-word. It's not a diminutive.)
- signaal
2
('a signal')
- signaleren
2
('to notice')
- magnifiek
("magnificent")
- vignet
2
("certificate")
- appelbeignet
('a type of apple cake')
The pronunciation of the word for the common mushrooms that you
buy in a store was simplified (like in French)
champignons
('button mushrooms')
With some difficulty I can say
champiGNons
(exaggerated!)
|
GO |
- (de) god
('god')
‑>>
- gokken
('to gamble')
- (gold
2)
- 't gold
2
3
('it was valid, it counted, it counted as')
- (de) golf
2
('wave')
- golven
2
('waves')
- (het) gordijn
2
3
('curtain')
- gorgelen
2
3
('to gargle')
- Godfried
(a boys' name)
- Gonnie
(a girls' name)
- Hillegom
2
(a town)
|
GOO |
- goden
2
3
('gods')
- (de) godin
('goddess')
- (de) goochelaar
2
('magician' - entertainer)
- goochem
('smart' - slang)
- gooien
('to throw')
- (de) goot
2
('gutter')
- (de) gootsteen
('kitchen sink')
- (het) ego
2
3
('ego')
- Govert
(a boys' name)
|
GOE |
- goed
2
3
/ goede
/ goedgoede
('good, well, correct etc.)
‑>>
- goedkoop
2
3
/ goedkope
2
3
('cheap, not expensive')
‑>>
- goede gaven
([good] 'kind, welcome gifts')
- goed genoeg
2
3
('good enough')
- 'n goede gelegenheid
2
3
('a good opportunity')
- Bargoens
2
('~slang')
- Goes
(a town)
|
GOU |
also hear AU above
- (het) goud
2
('gold')
‑>>
2
- gouden
('golden')
- (de) goudmijn
2
('goldmine')
- (de) pleegouders
('foster parents')
- Gouke
(a boys' name)
- Gouda
2
('a city')
- Goudse kaas
('Gouda cheese')
- De Gouw
2
(a family name)
- Henegouwen
(Belgian province)
|
GP |
- (het) bergpad
('mountain') path, trail
- (de) opslagplaats
2
3
('storage area')
- Dag Peter
2
('Goodbye/Hello Peter')
- Zalig Pasen!
2
3
('Blessed Easter!')
|
GR |
- graag
2
("~I'd like that")
- ja graag!
2
('yes, please!')
- grachten
2
3
('city canals')
- (het) grapje
2
3
('joke')
- (het) gras
2
('grass')
- (de) graad
2
3
4
('degree')
/ graden
('degrees')
- (de) graat
2
('fish bone')
/ graten
2
3
('fish bones')
- (de) grafiek
2
3
('graph' - math)
- graven
2
3
('to dig' // 'graves')
- grazen
2
('to graze,' - cows, sheep eating grass)
- (de) grens
('border')
- (de) grensrechter
2
('side ref' - soccer)
- (de) greep
2
3
('grip, hold, grasp, grab')
- gretig
2
3
('eager')
- Greuze
(tulip name - in the name
of the French painter the G is different)
- grillig
('whimsical, unpredictable' // of irregular shape)
- grimmig
2
('grisly, grim')
- (het) grind
('gravel, pebbles')
- Griekenland
('Greece')
- (de) griep
2
('the flu, influenza')
- griezelig
2
3
4
('scary, frightening, spine-chilling')
- grijnzen
2
('to grin')
- grijpen
('to grab, catch, get hold of')
‑>>
- grijs
2
/ grijze
2
('grey, gray')
- (de) grond
2
3
('soil, ground, earth' // 'floor, bottom')
- (de) groei
2
('growth')
- groeien
2
3
('to grow')
- groen
2
3
/ groene
2
3
4
('green')
- (de) groente
('vegetables') ‑>>
- grommen
2
('to growl' // 'to grumble')
- (de) grot
('cave')
- grotten
('caves')
- grof
('coarse+')
/ grove
2
3
4
('coarse+')
- groot
2
3
4
5
/ grote
2
/ groot/grote
2)
('large, tall, big, great')
‑>>
- (de) grootgrutter
2
(large grocery chain store - jocular)
- grote grutten!
2
3
('good grief!')
- (de) slagroom
2
3
4
5
6
('whipping cream, whipped cream')
- (het) grut
('small children' - jocular)
- (de) grutter
2
('grocer, grocery store' - jocular)
- gruwelen
('horrors // to be horrified')
- gruwelijk
('gruesome, horrible')
- gruzelementen
('smithereens')
- (de) visgraat
2
3
4
('fish bone')
- muisgrijs
2
3
('mouse-grey')
- grijs en grauw
('colorless, not bright')
- grillen en grollen
(a person's "peculiarities," odd behavior)
- Greetje
(a girls' name)
- Grietje
(a girls' name)
|
GS |
- 's middags
('in the afternoon')
- hedendaags
2
('modern, of the present')
- (de) krijgsgevangene
2
('prisoner-of-war')
- (de) krijgsraad
2
(1. 'military court of justice' 2. 'wartime top military council')
- (de) weegschaal
('scale')
- (de) boogschutter
2
('archer, Sagittarius')
- (de) oogst
('harvest')
- hoogstens
2
('at most')
- (de) verpleegster
2
3
('nurse' - female)
- (de) draagstoel
([carried-] 'sedan chair')
- in oorlogstijd
2
('during wartime')
- enigszins
2
3
4
('somewhat')
- nog steeds
2
3
('still')
- Krijgsman
2
(a family name)
|
GT |
- m'n vrouw zegt dat ...
('my wife says that ...')
- hij zegt maar wat
2
3
4
('he says just something' - he doesn't know what he's talking about)
- (de) leegte
2
3
4
5
6
7
('emptiness' - usually figuratively)
- (de) hoogte
2
('height')
- (het) hoogtepunt
2
3
('high point, summit, zenith')
- (de) hoogtevrees
2
('fear of heighths')
- hoogtijdagen
2
([days of high tide] - 'heyday')
- (het) gebergte
2
('mountains, mountain range')
- (de) terugtraprem
2
3
4
('backpedal brake')
- terugtrekken
2
3
('to pull back, retreat')
- (het) vliegtuig
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
('airplane')
- 't Is hoog tijd
2
('It is [high] about time')
- Zegt 't voort
2
('Everybody - pass it on' - the word - a plural
imperative) ‑>>
- Wat zegt U?
2
3
('What [do] did you say?' - poliote 'you')
|
GU |
- gul
/ gul/gulle
('generous, cordial')
- (de) gulden
('guilder,' pre-Euro Dutch monetary unit and coin)
- (de) gulp
('fly, zipper')
- (het) gum
('eraser')
- gunnen
2
('to grant, allow')
- ik gun
2
('~I don't begrudge')
- (de) gunst
('favor')
- (de) augurk
2
('pickle')
- (de) yoghurt
2
('yogurt')
- augustus
('August')
- (de) guts
('gouge' - woodworking tool
|
GUU |
- guur
2
3
('inclement,' 'very bad, very unpleasant, harsh' - weather)
- onguur
2
3
('unsavory,' making a very unpleasant impression - said of people)
- (de/het) figuur
('figure' - graphic representation // 'person')
- Guus
(a boys' name)
|
GUI |
(de) guit
('rascal')
- Guis
2
3
4
(a family name)
|
GV |
- (het) vliegveld
2
('airport')
- erg veel
2
('very much, really much, a lot')
- (de) gezagvoerder
2
3
4
('leading officer, officer in charge' - especially on an airplane)
- bang voor
2
('afraid of')
|
GW |
- (de) wigwam
2
3
4
5
6
('teepee')
- (de) argwaan
('suspicion, mistrust')
- (de) wegwijzer
('road sign' giving directions)
- (het) vliegwiel
2
('flywheel')
|
GY |
- (het) gymnasium
(secondary school type, 'Latin school')
- (de) gymnastiek
2
('PE, gymnastics')
- (de/het) gym
2
3
(short for both previous words, and a school hall for
gymnastics or sports)
|
GZ |
- zigzag
2
('zigzag')
- (de) rugzak
2
('back-[bag]-pack')
- aardig zijn
('be kind')
Hear also NG below
- (de) kledingzaak
2
3
([clothing shop] 'fashion shop' - usually for men,
"men's store")
- langzaam
2
3
- langzame
2
3
- langzaam/langzame
2
3
('slow') (I often pronounce the Z in langzaam
as an S) - bang zijn
2
('to be afraid')
|
AG |
- (de) agenda
2
3
('agenda')
- (de) agent
2
('police officer' // "officer" // 'agent')
- (de) bagage
2
('baggage, luggage' - second G French)
- (de) dag
2
('day')
- (het) beslag
2
('batter' - for baking)
- (de) opslag
2
('storage')
- (het) fragment
('fragment')
- (de) agrariër
('farmer' - formal)
- (het) gezag
2
3
('authority')
- (het) ontzag
2
3
('awe, great respect')
- Agaath
2
(a girls' name)
- Agnes
(a girls' name)
|
AAG |
- behaaglijk
2
3
4
('comfortable, pleasant, enjoyable' - temperature)
- [(de)] laag
2
3
4
('low' // 'layer')
- (de) kraag
('collar')
- (de) vraag
2
('question') ‑>>
- vragen
2
('to ask') ‑>>
- (de) dagen
2
('days')
- (de) hagedis
2
('lizard')
- (de) hagel
('hail,' ice-rain)
- (de) jager
('hunter')
- fragiel
2
('fragile, vulnerable')
- [(de)] wagen
2
('car, cart' - old-fashioned // to risk, dare,
chance) ‑>>
- Aagje
(a girls' name)
|
AUG |
- (de) augurk
2
('pickle')
- augustus
('August')
|
BG |
- ik heb gegeten
('I have eaten')
- ik heb gegeven
('I have given')
- ik heb gegraven
('I have dug')
- ik heb gegrepen
('I have grabbed, I have gripped')
|
CHG |
- (het) lachgas
2
('laughing gas,' nitrous oxide)
- zich gedragen
2
3
('to behave')
|
DG |
- (het) aardgas
2
('natural gas')
- doodgaan
('to die')
- (de) hoofdgedachte
2
3
('main, most important idea')
- hardgekookt ei
2
3
('hard-boiled egg')
- (de) tijdgenoot
2
('contemporary,' person of your time')
- (het) hoofdgerecht
('main dish')
- (het) spoedgeval
2
3
('urgent case, urgent matter')
- noodgevallen
2
('emergencies')
- doodgewoon
2
3
('very common, not unusual')
- (de) loodgieter
2
('plumber')
- (het) brandglas
(large magnifying glass that can be used to start a fire)
- (het) bladgoud
2
('gold leaf')
- (de) handgranaat
2
('hand grenade')
- (de) bloedgroep
2
3
('blood group, blood type')
|
EG |
- (de) eg
('harrow' - agriculture tool)
- (de) heg
('hedge')
- weggaan
('to leave')
- (het) beleg
('siege' // 'bread covering, sandwich fillling')
- beleggen
2
('to invest' - money)
- leggen
('to lay' - down
‑>>
- (het) overleg
2
('consultation, meeting')
- (de) overweg
2
3
('railroad crossing')
- (de) dievegge
2
('thief' - female)
- (de) weg
('way, road')
- (het) weggetje
2
('small road')
- zeggen
2
3
('to say') ‑>>
- (de) oomzegger
([uncle-sayer] - 'niece' or 'nephew')
- (het) zegje
2
("say," - 'forceful' opinion statement)
- (de) belegging
2
('investment')
- weggooien
2
3
('to throw away')
- Egbert
(a boys' name)
- Egberts
(a family name)
- Egmond
2
(a town // Dutch revolutionary, executed by the Spanish)
|
EEG |
- (het) deeg
('dough')
- leeg
/ lege
2
/ leeg/lege
('empty')
- [(het)] negatief
2
3
('negative')
- (de) egel
('hedgehog')
- (de) kegel
2
3
(1. 'cone' 2. 'bowling pin'
3. 'alcohol breath')
- (de) regel
2
3
4
(1. 'rule' 2. 'line' - of text)
- (de) tegel
('tile')
- gedegen
2
('thorough')
- belegen
2
('mature' - cheese)
- raadplegen
('to consult, ask an expert')
- negen
('9')
- (de) negende
2
3
('ninth')
- (de) regen
2
('rain') ‑>>
- tegen
('against' ‑>>
// ~to ) ‑>>
2
- wegen
2
('roads' // 'to weigh')
- wegens
2
('because of')
- (de) zegen
2
('blessing')
- (de) afweging
('consideraation')
- regisseren
2
3
('to direct' - a play, TV series or a movie)
- (de) strategie
2
('strategy')
- (het) steegje
2
('narrow city street)
- (de) leegte
2
3
4
5
6
7
('emptiness' - usually figuratively)
- (het) leger
('army')
- (de) veger
('broom')
- (het) ego
2
3
('ego')
- Lego
2
3
('Lego' - the construction toys)
- Regina
(a girls' name)
- Nijmegen
('a city')
- Noorwegen
('Norway')
|
E(uh)G |
- elegant
2
('graceful')
- begaafd
('gifted, very talented
- (de) legende
2
('legend')
- (de) begeerte
2
('desire')
- begeleiden
2
('to accompany')
‑>>
- (het) begin
('start, beginning')
‑>>
- (de) bruidegom
('groom')
- wij begonnen
2
('we started')
- gegorgeld
2
('gargled')
- weggegooid geld
2
('money thrown away, wasted')
- begraven
('to bury')
- goeie gunst!
2
('good grief!')
- De Geus
2
3
(a family name)
- De Goede
(a family name)
- De Gouw
2
(a family name)
- De Graaf(f)
2
3
(a family name)
- De Groot
2
(a family name)
- De Gruyter
(a family name)
- Elegast
(character from a Charlemagne story)
- Cannegieter
2
3
4
(a family name)
- Izegem
(a town in Belgium)
|
EIG |
- (de) dreigbrief
2
3
('threatening letter')
- (het) eigeel
([egg-yellow] 'egg yolk')
- eigen
('~own, ~personal, ~private')
‑>>
- (de) eigenaar
('owner')
- eigenlijk
2
("actually")
‑>>
- dreigen
('to threaten')
- (de) reiger
2
('heron' - a bird)
- weigeren
2
('to refuse')
- (de) dreiging
2
3
('threat')
|
EUG |
- (de) deugd
2
('virtue')
- (de) jeugd
2
('youth')
- (de) vreugde
('joy')
- (de) teugel
2
('rein' - horse management)
- (het) geheugen
2
3
('memory' - the brain faculty)
- ondeugend
2
3
4
('naughty')
- (de) leugens
2
('lies')
- (het) vleugje
2
('whiff' - of perfume, for instance)
- Tegen heug en meug
(saying
- 'Doing something under strong protest,
like having to eat something you really don't like')
|
FG |
- (de) afgang
2
('failure, flop, public failing')
- (het) gifgas
2
('poison gas')
- afgelopen
2
('finished, ended' // 'last, previous' - time units)
- afgezaagd
2
3
4
5
('sawed off, cut off' - past participle - but often
figuratively: 'boring, not original, heard too often already')
- gifgroen
2
3
4
5
('"poison" green' - very bright)
|
IG |
The I in the -IG ending
is pronounced as 'voiceless, unstressed E'
(the 'schwa')
- romig
2
3
4
('creamy')
‑>>
- enig
('only, unique // any')
‑>>
- groenig
2
('greenish')
‑>>
- krachtig
2
3
/ krachtige
2
('powerful, strong')
‑>>
- schichtig
2
3
('skittish, nervous, shy')
- spichtig
2
3
('wispy, spidery')
- oorlogszuchtig
2
3
('craving war, warlike')
- goedgelovig
2
3
('credulous, quick to believe')
more -IG endings
Of course, one-syllable words don't have suffixes:
- (de) big
('young pig')
- (het) biggetje
2
3
4
('very young, small pig - piglet')
- ik lig
('I'm lying down')
- (de) tegenligger
2
3
4
5
(['lying-against'] - 'oncoming traffic')
- (de) wig
('wedge')
- and another exception:
(de) vaandrig
2
('army cadet officer')
|
IEG |
- (de) vlieg
('house fly')
- (de) wieg
2
('cradle')
- wiegedrukken
2
('incunables,' the very first printed books)
- kriegel
2
3
4
('testy, easily irritated')
- (de) spiegel
2
('mirror')
- liegen
('to lie,' say what is not)
‑>>
- vliegen
('to fly' // 'flies')
- (de) vlieger
2
('kite')
|
IJG |
IJ also hear EI - above
- (de) vijg
2
('fig')
- zwijg!
2
('shut up! keep your mouth shut!'
- (het) bijgebouw
2
3
('annex,' side building)
- vijgen
('figs')
- krijgen
('to get, receive' - without effort
‑>>
- zwijgen
2
3
('to be silent, not speak')
- (de) krijger
2
('brave,' native American warrior)
- (de) tijger
('tiger')
- (het) bijgerecht
2
3
('side dish')
- (de) vrijgezel
('bachelor')
|
KG |
- ik gaf
2
('I gave')
- (het) plankgas
2
("pedal to the metal," max pushing in the car gas pedal)
- ik ga weg
2
3
('I'm [going away] leaving')
- (het) spraakgebrek
2
('speech impediment')
- (het) stuk gereedschap
2
3
('tool,' ['piece of
gear'])
- (de) werkgever
('employer')
- (het) struikgewas
('bush, bushes')
- ik ging
2
3
('I want')
- spekglad
2
3
4
('very slippery' - "like bacon")
- (de) dakgoot
2
('raingutter')
- (de) buikgriep
2
('stomach flu, food poioning')
- Dijkgraaf
2
(a family name)
|
LG |
- (de) velg
2
('rim' of a wheel)
- (de) wilg
2
('willow' - a tree)
- (het) gevolg
('result, effect, consequence')
- edelgassen
('noble gases' - chemistry)
- vulgair
2
('vulgar')
- (het) wisselgeld
('small change')
- (het) taalgebruik
2
('usage, language use')
- walgelijk
2
3
('disgusting')
- algemeen
/ algemene
2
3
('general')
- (de) volgeling
2
('follower')
- zwelgen
2
('to wallow, guzzle')
- volgen
2
3
('to follow')
- volgend
2
('next')
- (de) opvolger
('successor')
- (het) taalgevoel
2
3
('linguistic feeling, intuitive understanding of languages')
- Belgisch
2
3
4
('Belgian')
- (het) speelgoed
('toys')
- (de) doelgroep
2
('target audience')
- Helga
(a girls' name')
- Olga
(a girls' name')
- Bulgarije
('Bulgaria')
|
MG |
- (de) omgang
2
('contact' // 'procession')
- (de) omgeving
('environment')
- Kom gauw!
2
3
('Come quick!')
|
NG |
In Dutch, NG in the
‑ANG, ‑ENG, ‑ING and ‑ONG endings
is always said like NG in English
SINGER ('vocalist') or HANGER,
NEVER like in English LINGER or DANGER
- (het) ding
('thing')
- dingen
2
('things')
- ding/dingen
- (de) kring
2
('circle')
- kringen
2
('circles')
- (de) ringvinger
('ring finger')
- (de) aandrang
2
3
('urge')
- bang
('afraid')
- lang
('long, tall')
- (de) slang
('snake // hose')
- (de) zang
2
3
('singing, song')
- (het) belang
('interest')
- belangrijk
2
('important')
- (de) belangstelling
('interest')
- (de) angst
('fear, dread')
- eng
('scary, creepy')
- gemengd
2
3
('mixed')
- (de) bengel
('naughty boy')
- brengen
2
3
4
('to bring') ‑>>
- (de) engerd
('a creep')
- vingers
('fingers')
- (de) helling
('slope, incline')
- (de) honing
2 ('honey')
- (de) botsing
2
('crash, collision')
- (de) koningin
2
('queen')
- (de) sprong
('a jump')
- (de) tong
2
('tongue' - in mouth)
- jong
('young')
- (de) jongen
('boy')
- (de) honger
('hunger')
- tongstrelend
2
([tongue-caressing] 'delicious, very good-tasting')
-
als de dagen lengen, gaan de nachten
strengen
('when the days get longer, the nights
get more severe' - i.e. colder)
- Inge
2
(a girls' name)
When compound words connect between N and G, the N still has a faint
NG-sound but the G is clear, like for instance:
- aangeven
2
('to hand, pass,' put something into someone else's hands
// 'to indicate, signal' // 'to register,' file an official
report
‑>>
- ingewikkeld
/ ingewikkelde
2
3
('complicated')
- ongerust
2
3
("uneasy," 'worried')
- ongeluk
2
('accident')
- ongeveer
2
('about,
roughly') more 'on-'
- (het) mangaan
('manganese, Mn')
|
OG |
- log
('not nimble, hard to move')
- de oorlog
('the war')
- (de) oorlog
('war')
- nog
('still, yet' // 'rather, quite')
‑>>
- (het) bedrog
2
3
('deceit')
- (de) trog
2
('manger,' animal food 'plate')
- (het) kielzog
2
3
4
5
6
7
('wake,' whitewater 'trail' of a boat or ship)
- arrogant
2
('arrogant')
- (de) arrogantie
2
('arrogance')
- (de) rogge
2
('rye' - grain, cereal)
- (de) Doggersbank
('Dogger Bank' - large sandbank in the North Sea
- (het) Wogmeer
2
('an old polder')
|
OOG |
- (het) oog
2
('eye')
- (de) oogarts
('eye doctor')
- (het) oogje
2
3
4
('small, little eye')
- (de) boog
('arch' //) 'bow' - for shooting arrows)
- hoog
2
3
- hoge
- hoog/hoge
('high') ‑>>
- ogen
('eyes')
- (het) hoogtepunt
2
3
('high point, summit, zenith')
- droog
/ droge
2
3
/ droogdroge
('dry')
- hij loog
2
('he lied')
- mogen
2
("may," 'to be allowed to')
‑>>
- (de) hoogleraar
2
('professor' - job title)
- (de) oogst
('harvest')
- hoogste
2
3
('highest')
- (de) oogsttijd
2
3
('harvest time')
- oogverblindend
2
([eye-blinding] 'very bright' - light)
|
OEG |
- (de) ploeg
('plow')
- genoeg
('enough') ‑>>
- goed genoeg
2
3
('good enough')
- (het) genoegen
('pleasure')
- (de) kroeg
('~bar, ~café')
- (het) boegeroep
2
('booing,' - audience shouting disapproval or contempt)
- (de) wroeging
('remorse')
- Hoe gaat 't?
('How are you doing?')
- Joegoslavië
(the former country of Yugoslavia)
|
OUG |
hear AUG - above
|
PG |
- diepgaand
2
3
('in-depth,' profound)
- diepgang
2
('profundity' // 'how deep a ship is in the water')
- (de) zonsopgang
('sunrise ')
- (de) prijsopgave
2
3
('offer, bid, estimate' - of price)
- opgelet!
2
3
4
('pay attention!')
- opgelucht
('relieved')
- opgeven
2
3
('to give up')
- opgewekt
2
('cheerful, positive')
- opgewonden
2
('excited' // 'heated, frenzied')
- (de) loopgraaf
2
('trench' - WWI)
- (het) snoepgoed
('candy')
|
RG |
- Bargoens
2
('~slang') ‑>>
- (de) argwaan
('suspicion, mistrust')
- daar ga je!
2
3
([there you go!] 'cheers, prosit!')
- (het) jaargetijde
('season')
- naargeestig
2
3
4
('gloomy, dreary, depressing')
- erg
('very' // 'bad')
‑>>
- (de) berg
('mountain')
- (het) merg
('marrow')
- (het) beenmerg
2
3
('bone marrow')
- bergaf
2
('downhill')
- (het) hergebruik
2
('re-use, recycling')
- ergens
2
('somewhere' // 'something')
‑>>
- erger
2
3
('worse')
- (de) herbergier
('innkeeper' - Medieval)
- allergisch
2
('allergic')
- (het) bergje
2
3
("small mountain" - 'hill')
- (de) bergschoenen
([mountain shoes] - 'hiking boots')
- [(het)] ergste
('worst')
- (het) gebergte
2
('mountains, mountain range')
- (de) weerga
2
3
('~return, reprise')
- (de) neergang
2
3
('downturn, fall')
- (het) smeergeld
([grease-money] - 'bribe')
- (het) bierglas
2
('beerglass')
- (de) ondergang
2
3
4
('downfall, decline')
- vergeten
2
3
('to forget') ‑>>
- overgeven
2
('to vomit, throw up')
- (het) ondergoed
2
3
4
5
('underwear') ‑>>
- (de) achtergrond
2
('background')
- vergroten
2
('to enlarge')
- (de) vergroting
2
('enlargement')
- (de) orgaan
2
('organ' - body part)
- georganiseerd
2
3
('organized')
- (het) voorgeborchte
('limbo,' heaven waiting room)
- (het) orgel
('organ' - music)
- [(de)] morgen
2
('tomorrow' // 'morning' // "mawning!")
- zorgen
2
('worries' // 'to take care (of)')
- bezorgen
2
3
('to deliver')
- doorgaan
2
('to continue')
- (het) voorgevoel
2
('premonition')
- voorgoed
2
('~forever,' "once and for all")
- (de) schouwburg
2
('theatre' - old-fashioned)
- urgent
2
('urgent, requiring prompt action')
- (de) urgentie
('urgency')
- (de) burgemeester
2
3
('mayor')
- (de) burger
2
('citizen, civilian,' Medieval "townsman")
- Marga
(a girls' name)
- Margreet
(a girls' name)
- Margriet
(a girls' name)
- Jurgen
2
(a boys' name)
- Limburg
('a province')
- Aardenburg
2
(a town)
- Argentinië
2
|
SG |
- (het) knoopsgat
('buttonhole')
- (het) losgeld
2
([release-money] 'ransom')
- disgenoten
2
3
('people sharing a [dish] meal or dining table')
- (de) krijgsgevangene
2
('prisoner-of-war')
- levensgevaarlijk
2
('very dangerous, life-endangering')
- (het) richtingsgevoel
2
('sense of direction, orientation')
- doopsgezind
2
(a protestant denomination, moderate continuation of Anabaptism)
- (de) visgraat
2
3
4
('fish bone')
- (de) staatsgreep
('coup')
- muisgrijs
2
3
('mouse-grey')
- onwijs gaaf!
2
('very cool' - 1990s teenagers slang)
- "Dit is gekkenwerk!"
2
3
4
('This is a [madmen's] crazy way of doing things!
- Er is geen bewijs
2
3
('There is no proof')
- de mens gist
2
3
('Man guesses')
- Edsger
(a boys' name)
- Edsger Dijkstra
2
(famous computer
scientist)‑>>
|
TG |
- (de) uitgang
2
('exit')
- (de) voetganger
2
3
('pedestrian')
- uitgaan
2
3
(1. 'to go out, go off' (lights etc.) 2. 'to go out for
entertainment' 3. 'romantic relations
ending') ‑>>
- zachtgekookt ei
2
3
('soft-boiled egg')
- (de) echtgenote
([marriage partner, female] 'spouse, wife')
- (de) echtgenoot
([marriage partner, male] 'spouse, husband')
- lichtgewicht
2
('lightweight')
- (het) luchtgat
2
([air hole] - 'ventilation opening')
- (het) schietgebedje
2
('a quick prayer in a moment of peril')
- (het) flatgebouw
('high-rise building
- vetgedrukt
('in bold print')
- lotgenoten
2
3
4
('people sharing a fate')
- (het) rotgezicht
2
3
4
5
('unpleasant sight' // 'unpleasant face')
- (het) vergrootglas
2
('magnifying glass')
- soortgelijk
/ soortgelijke
2
('of a similar kind')
- (de) kunstgras
2
('artificial turf, grass')
|
UG |
- (de) mug
('mosquito')
- (de) rug
('back' - body part)
- ruggen
2
('backs')
- (de) brug
('bridge')
- terug
(going 'back, ~returning')
- (de) suggestie
('suggestion')
- suggestief
2
('suggestive')
- (de) rugzak
2
('back-[bag]-pack')
- Vught
(a city)
|
UUG |
- (het) spuug
2
3
4
('saliva, spittle' - children's language)
- spugen
2
('to spit,' // 'to vomit, throw up')
- ik spuug
2
('I'm spitting' // 'I'm throwing up')
- Hugo
(a boys' name)
- Portugal
('Portugal')
|
UIG |
- (de) huig
('uvula,' a part of the throat)
- ruig
('rough')
- (het) tuig
2
3
('~gear' // 'bad people')
- (het) vaartuig
('vessel' ~boat, ~ship)
- (het) rijtuig
('horse-drawn carriage')
- (het) vliegtuig
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
('airplane')
- (het) werktuig
2
('instrument, tool')
- (het) zintuig
('sense, sensory organ')
- (de) getuige
('witness')
- buigen
2
3
('to bend')
- zuigen
('to suck')
- (de) stofzuiger
2
('vacuum cleaner')
- (de) buiging
2
('polite bow')
- (de) verbuiging
2
3
('declension' - changes in nouns, adjectives, pronouns)
- (de) zuigling
2
3
('suckling,' baby or young animal drinking mother's milk)
- (de) zuignap
('suction cup')
- Huygens
2
(a family name)
|
YG | also hear
IG and IEG above
- (de) hygiëne
2
3
('hygiene')
- (de) hygiënisch
2
('hygienic')
|
Two French G's
1. French G in Dutch is usually a sound that in Dutch phonetically could be
written as ZJ
(het) percentage
(' % ')
- (de) energie
2 ('energy')
- (het/de) genie
2
('genius' - person // the military corps of engineers)
- (de/het) gel
('gel')
- gênant
('embarrassing')
- (de) gène
2
('embarrassment')
- (de) logeerkamer
('guest room')
- logeren
2
3
('to visit with overnight stay')
- (de) passagier
2
3
('passenger')
- (het) passagiersschip
2
3
4
('passenger schip, liner')
- (de) slijtage
2
3
4
5
('wear and tear')
- (de) giraf
('giraffe')
- corrigeren
('to correct')
- (de) marge
2 ('margin')
- (de) geste
2 ('gesture')
- (het) college
('class at college or university' //
'governing council')
- (het) budget
2
('budget')
- (het) privilege
2
('privilege')
- (het) horloge
/ horloges
2
('watch/watches')
- beige
2
('beige' - a color)
- Eugenie
(a girls' name)
- (de) rage
2
('craze, rage')
- (de) centrifuge
2
3
('centrifuge, spin-dryer')
- (de/het) melange
2
('blend, mixture of teas or coffees)
First G Dutch, second G French:
(de) garage
('car repair shop // car housing')
- (de) bagage
2 ('luggage')
- ongegeneerd
2
('without embarrassment')
French OU: (de) bougie
('spark plug')
- (de) courgette
('zucchini')
2.
A very small number of not very common words in Dutch
have a 'hard' French G (very similar to G in English GO or
BEGIN):
- (de) guerilla
2 ('guerilla')
- (de) gouache
('gouache')
- bigarreaux
2
('candied cherries')
- (de) guillotine
2
('guillotine')
- (het) gaullisme
('gaullism')
- Grenoble
('a city in France')
- (de) i-Grèc
2
(["Greek i"] - 'Y')
Hear also: 'Southern' G
Major Exceptions to the Phonetic Spelling of Dutch:
- Page 1:
een
-IG
-ISCH
-LIJK
- Page 2:
-B
-D
SCHR
-TIE
UW
WR
Hear the Dutch Letters in Hundreds of Words:
AU/OU
CH
E
EI/IJ
EU
F
G
H
L
OE
SCH
U
UI
W
X
Y
'Master Lists' of Dutch words:
Dutch to English
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'Basic' Dutch Words
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- verbs
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Gij zult niet stelen
'Thou shalt not steal'
|