TOP |
Hear Dutch Here
— Learn Dutch
There's never been a better time | Welcome
Site Map Mobile |
---|
Pronunciation - Vocabulary - Verbs - Word Order |
---|
Guide - Lessons - Programs - Listening - Names |
---|
site |
Secondary Verbs at the End of the Line | |
---|
Verb with Noun or Adverb Activities Phrases | |
---|
Questions | |
Negative Imperatives | |
Other Negatives | |
---|
After Statements of Time or Place or a Condition | |
---|
... and when the Condition is a Sub-Sentence | |
---|
Splitting Verbs in the Subordinate Clause | |
---|
The Subsentence after Dat ('That') | |
---|
Secondary Verbs in Sub-Sentences | |
---|
(de) zinsbouw
2
'word order'
(de) woordvolgorde
2
3
'word order'
General Word Order Pages:
Short Version
- Smartphone
Long Version
- Older Version
Ik heb het raam opengedaan I have opened the window Ik heb een nieuwe fiets gekocht I have bought a new bicycle
subject | working verb | (object) / (complement) | other verbs |
---|
't Had erger kunnen zijn. 2 It could have been worse. We hebben de oorlog gewonnen. We have won the war. Ik heb het raam opengedaan. I have opened the window. Jan heeft Piet een boek gegeven. Jan has given Piet a book. Jan heeft een boek aan Piet gegeven. 2 Jan has given a book to Piet. Ik was 't helemaal vergeten. I had [completely] forgotten all about it Ik heb al m'n boeken verkocht. 2 I have sold all my books. Het brood is niet goed gerezen. 2 The bread didn't rise [well] properly. Ik heb een paar jaar pianoles gehad. I have had piano lessons for a [couple of] few years.
Je kunt nog even blijven liggen.
slow
You can [remain lying down] stay in bed for a little
longer.
the use of infinitives
Ik had willen blijven liggen.
2
3
I would have liked to [remain lying down]
stay in bed.
Ik wil niks verloren laten gaan.
2
I [want nothing] don't want anything to go to waste.
Ik heb moeten leren improviseren.
2
I've had to learn [to improvise]
improvisation.
woordjes leren | learning words |
'n brief schrijven | writing a letter |
water koken 2 3 | boiling water |
thee zetten 2 | brewing tea |
A few examples:
|
Also in Resolutions:
|
Talking with friends and acquaintances, you'll use the informal
'je' or 'jij.' Do note that
the T is dropped from the verb in the
present tense for this second
person singular, informal when the verb comes
before the personal pronoun:
jij bent
2
3
4
you are
ben jij?
2
are you?
Ben je boos? 2 Are you angry? Je bent boos 2 You are angry
Questions word order:
verb | subject | (object) | (complement) |
---|
Ben je ziek? Are you sick? Ben je bang? Are you afraid? Is het te laat? Is it too late? Was je moe? Were you tired? Kun je er wat aan doen? 2 3 Can you do something about it? Mag ik U iets vragen? 2 3 [May I ...] Could I ask you something?
In English, turning around verb and subject for question mode only works for 'to be' and a few other verbs like 'can' and 'may' (other verbs add to do) - but in Dutch all verbs can be turned around the subject for question mode.
Je hebt genoeg geld 2 You have enough money Heb je genoeg geld? Do you have enough money?
Weet jij ...?
2
Do you know ...?
Weet jij hoe 't werkt?
2
3
Do you know how it 'works'? (what the process,
procedure, mechanism is)
Weet jij hoe je 't moet uitspreken?
2
3
Do you know how to pronounce it?
(can you tell me?)
‑>>
Regent 't?
Is it raining?
Schijnt de zon?
Is the sun shining?
Ga jij?
2
[Go you?] Are you going? (Like, to an event)
Heb je een auto?
Do you have a car?
Heeft Jan een auto?
2
Does John have a car?
Hadden jullie pech?
[Did you have bad luck?]
Usually, this means: Did your car break down?
Verveel je je?
Are you bored? (informal)
>> reflexive verbs
Zijn de bananen nog groen?
Are the bananas still green?
Zijn de bananen al geel?
2
Are the bananas already yellow?
Denk je ook niet dat ...?
2
3
[Don't] Do you also think that ...? Do you
agree that ...?
Begrijp je wat ik bedoel?
2
Do you understand what I mean?
Vind je ook niet?
2
3
Don't you think so too? Don't you agree?
Geloof jij erin?
2
Do you believe (in) it?
Do you think it's true?
Geloof je 't zelf?
2
Do you believe so yourself? (Are you kidding me or
are you trying to fool me?)
Zeg je echt wat je vindt?
2
3
4
5
Do you really say, are you really saying what
you're thinking?
Heb je honger?
[Do you have hunger?] Are you hungry?
Heb je hoofdpijn?
2
Do you have a headache?
See also: Query Words
Niet storen 2 Do not disturb Verroer je niet! Don't move! Freeze! Vergeet je telefoonnummer niet Don't forget (to write down) your telephone number Vergeet niet de hond uit te laten 2 Don't forget to walk the dog Vergeet niet je telefoon op te laden 2 Don't forget to charge your telephone Doe dat niet meer! [Do that not again] Don't do that again! Stop doing that! Doe niet zo raar! 2 [Do not act weirdly] Don't be weird Waag 't niet! 2 3 4 5 6 7 Don't you dare [it]! Doe geen domme dingen 2 3 [Do no stupid things] Don't do stupid things, don't do anything stupid
Ik heb geen honger 2 3 4 [I have no hunger] I'm not hungry Ik heb geen hoofdpijn [I have no headache] I don't have a headache Ik heb hem in geen jaren gezien 2 [I have seen him in no years] - I haven't seen him for years Hij nam geen enkel risico 2 3 [He took absolutely zero risk] - He didn't take any risks We mochten geen foto's maken 2 [We were allowed no pictures] - We were not allowed to [make] take pictures See also: - 'Niet,' 'Geen' and 'Wel'
Viewed from English some Dutch negatives may look illogical:
Hij durfde niks te zeggen
2
3
[He dared say nothing]
- He didn't dare to say anything, he
didn't dare to speak up, protest
Waarom zegt niemand er iets van?
2
3
[Why does nobody say something about it?]
-Why doesn't anybody
speak up about it?
Waarom zegt niemand dat?
2
3
Why is nobody saying that?
Why doesn't anybody bring that up?
Het is vaak bewolkt in Nederland It is often overcast in Holland In Nederland is het vaak bewolkt In Holland it is often overcast De Tachtigjarige Oorlog begon in 1568 The 80-Years War (The Dutch Revolt) started in 1568 In 1568 begon De Tachtigjarige Oorlog In 1568 the 80-Years War started Ik ben blij als de zon schijnt I am happy when the sun is shining Als de zon schijnt ben ik blij When the sun is shining I am happy
In Nederland is het vaak bewolkt In Holland it's often overcast Het is vaak bewolkt in Nederland It's often overcast in Holland
In 1568 begon De Tachtigjarige Oorlog
1568: vijftienachtenzestig
In 1568 the 80-Years War started
De Tachtigjarige Oorlog begon in 1568
The 80-Years War (The Dutch Revolt)
started in 1568
Vandaag eten we vis. 2 Today we're [eating] having fish. Ik eet vis. 2 I'm [eating] having fish.
Vannacht regende het. Last night it rained. 't Regende gisteren It was raining yesterday.
En toen werd het donker. And then it got dark. Het werd donker. It [became] turned dark.
In Kentucky is het gras blauw. In Kentucky the grass is blue. Vroeger was alles beter. In the past, everything was better.
Als de zon schijnt ben ik blij When the sun shines I'm happy Ik ben blij I'm happy
The 'condition' sub-sentences usually start with words like
als
if, when >> |
omdat
because >> |
daar
because >> |
waar
where >> |
hoe
how ‑>> |
wat
what >> |
alsof
as if ->> |
wie
2
(he/she) who ‑>> |
voordat
2
3
before ‑>> |
nadat
2
3
after ‑>> |
M'n vader was tweeëndertig toen de oorlog begon My Dad was 32 when the war started Toen de oorlog begon was m'n vader tweeëndertig When the war started, my Dad was 32
Simple 'condition' sub-sentences with just a subject and a
verb follow the regular word order.
Als de muziek begint moet je stil zijn.
When the music starts you'll have to be quiet
De muziek begint.
The music is starting.
Je moet stil zijn
You have to be quiet.
But when an object and/or a complement are added to the 'conditional sub-sentence,' those are placed between the subject and the verb and not after the verb like in a regular sentence. To Dutch people this is entirely logical because isn't that the most important information?
Ik eet vis
2
I'm [eating] having fish
Je moet wat drinken
2
You should drink something
Als je vis eet moet je ook wat drinken
2
When you're having fish,
you should also have something to drink
The word order in a conditional sub-sentence:
condition word | subject | (complement) | (object) | working verb |
---|
ik eet vis 2 I'm eating fish als je vis eet moet je ook wat drinken 2 when you're eating fish you should also have a drink 't regent hard 2 it's raining hard als 't hard regent blijf ik thuis 2 if it's raining hard I'll stay home het licht werd groen en we reden weg 2 the light turned green and we drove off toen het licht groen werd reden we weg 2 when the light turned green we drove off
Het werd donker It [became] turned dark Toen het donker werd gingen we naar huis When it got dark we went home. We gingen naar huis toen het donker werd 2 We went home when it got dark
Het is donker 2 It is dark Is het donker? 2 Is it dark? 's Nachts is het donker 2 At night it is dark Als het donker is ... When it is dark ...
Als ik jou was ... 2 If I were you ... Als ik jou was zou ik niet gaan. If I were you I wouldn't go.
Hij deed het werk snel 2 3 He [did] finished the work (the job) quickly Als je het werk snel doet krijg je meer geld 2 3 When you do the work quickly you'll get more money
Toen het licht groen werd reden we weg
2
When the light turned green we drove off
Sometimes you can simplify the sentence to avoid the problematic
word order:
Het licht werd groen en we reden weg
2
The light turned green and we drove off
de zon ging onder 2 3 4 the sun went down toen de zon onderging begon de muziek when the sun went down the music started ik leg de woordvolgorde uit I 'm explaining the word order als ik de woordvolgorde uitleg moeten jullie goed opletten when I explain the word order you guys should pay close attention
De zon komt door 2 The sun is coming [through] out (clouds are disappearing) Als de zon doorkomt na een regenbui 2 3 When the sun comes [through] out after a shower
De bliksem sloeg in 2 Lightning hit Toen de bliksem insloeg ging het licht uit 2 When lightning hit, the light went out Toen het licht uitging zag ik de sterren 2 When the light went out I saw the stars Toen ik de sterren zag begreep ik ... 2 3 Seeing the stars I understood ...
Ik tilde z'n fiets op. 2 3 I lifted up his bike. Hij kan erg hard fietsen. 2 He can ride a bicycle very fast, he [can be] is very fast on a bike. Ik begrijp er niks van 2 3 [I understand nothing of it] - I don't understand any of it, it's a complete mystery to me Toen ik z'n fiets optilde begreep ik hoe hij zo hard kon rijden. 2 3 4 When I lifted up his bike I understood how he could ride that fast.
Dat1 | pointing at, indicating a usually remote item ‑>> | |
---|---|---|
Dat2 | 'what is said/thought etc.' - connecting two sub-sentences: a conjunction | |
Dat3 | short for, referring to, replacing something mentioned before, 'that thing' - a 'placeholder' ‑>> |
There is actually a fourth 'dat' in sub-sentences that
describe or provide details about the preceding word or phrase.
This 'dat' is sometimes rendered in
English as 'who' or
'which.'
Het enige boek dat dit goed beschrijft
2
3
'The only book that/which
describes this well'
The next paragraphs are about 'conjunction' Dat2
which is used after verbs like for instance
zeggen
2
3
('to say')
‑>>
- denken
2
('to think')
‑>>
- vinden
2
('to find, think, opine')
‑>>
- weten
('to know')
‑>>
and hopen
2
3
('to hope')
‑>>
in sub-sentences that give an opinion, make a statement or
express a feeling. In English this 'that'
is sometimes left out.
Simple sentences have just one verb. It is called the 'working
verb.' The 'working verb' changes with the subject: I am, you are,
he is.
The 'working verb' is put at the end of the line in the
dat-sentences of the type mentioned above - but when there are
secondary verbs in the line it gets complicated
- see below.
er is niet genoeg tijd there is not enough time Ze zeggen dat er niet genoeg tijd is They say that there's not enough time het was mooi weer the weather was nice we gingen fietsen omdat het mooi weer was we went bicycling because the weather was nice Het heeft vannacht geregend 2 It [has rained] did rain last night Ik ben blij dat het vannacht geregend heeft 2 I'm glad that it rained last night
Men zegt dat in Kentucky het gras blauw is 2 It is said that the grass is blue in Kentucky Kan 't zijn dat ik U ken? Could it be that I know you? (Have we met before?) Zeg dat 't niet zo is! Say it ain't so! Denk eraan dat de zomertijd dit weekend ingaat Keep in mind that the Daylight Saving Time starts this weekend
condition word | subject | (complement) | (object) | past participle / working verb |
---|
Ik heb
je wel eens verteld dat ...
I've told you sometime ago that ...
Zoals ik je misschien wel eens verteld
heb ...
2
3
As I've told you a while ago ...
Het heeft
gisteren geregend in Nederland
2
It did rain in Holland yesterday
Ik ben blij dat het vannacht geregend
heeft
2
I'm glad that it rained last night
Het gaat
vannacht regenen
It's going to rain tonight
Ik denk dat het morgen gaat
regenen
I think it's going to rain tomorrow
Not ideal, a little awkward, but acceptable:
Zoals ik je wel eens heb verteld ...
Ik ben blij dat het heeft geregend
Het heeft vannacht geregend. 2 It rained last night. Ik ben blij dat het vannacht geregend heeft. 2 I am glad that it rained last night.
Ik ben blij dat je gekomen bent. 2 3 I'm glad that you have come. Hij denkt dat ik het gedroomd heb. 2 He thinks (that) I [dreamed it] saw it in a dream. Zoals ik je misschien wel eens verteld heb ... 2 3 As I may have told you sometime ... Ik wil precies weten wat er gebeurd is 2 3 I want to know exactly what (has) happened Ik ben blij dat je voor het examen geslaagd bent 2 I'm glad you passed the test Ik was kwaad omdat ik weer voor m'n rijexamen gezakt was. 2 I was angry because I failed the driving test again. Ik zag op het nieuws dat er geen oplossing gevonden is I saw in the news that no solution has been found
Ik ben blij dat het goed is afgelopen I'm glad it ended well - endings
If the secondary verb is an infinitive, or if there is a series of infinitives, the active verb is always placed before them, following the general rule.
condition word | subject | (complement) | (object) | working verb | infinitive or infinitives |
---|
Het was niet wat hij wilde horen. It was not what he wanted to hear. Zij denkt dat het nog gaat gebeuren. She thinks (that) it's still going to happen. Het weerbericht zegt dat het morgen gaat regenen. The weather report says it's going to rain tomorrow. Hij zei dat ik het aan Jan moest geven 2 3 He said I should give it to Jan. Er is geen reden waarom hij niet zou kunnen winnen. There's no reason why he [shouldn't be able to] couldn't win.
See also:
Dutch Sounds not Found in English
Dutch Sounds Represented by Different Letters in English
General Word Order:
Short Version
- Smartphone
New Version
- Older Version
Dutch:
Pronunciation
- Vocabulary
- Grammar
Prepositions
- Verbs
- Sitemap
An
Interesting Collection of Words
Square Brackets:
In other Words
Frederick Roberts, thank you for the question that suggested the page
email -
Copyright © Marco Schuffelen 2021.
All rights reserved.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, redistributed,
or hotlinked to.
Gij zult niet stelen
'Thou shalt not steal'