Disambiguation: Many common words can have more than one meaning, with different translations

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Disambiguation: Dutch 'Nog' - Multiple Meanings and Related Words

Nog	still, yet, 'remaining' - "It's still early" even, still (with comparative) - "That's even better"

1. 'nog' = 'still' (remaining, ongoing)

Zijn de bananen nog groen?	Are the bananas still green?
Is 't nog goed? 2 3	Is it still good? (food, still edible?)
Leven je ouders nog? 2	Are your parents still alive?
We leven nog 2 3	We're still alive (we have survived)
Ik ben er nog moe van 2 3 4	I'm still fatigued by it
Hij is nog een kind 2	He is still a child
Ze is nog een kind 2 3	She is still a child
Ook dat nog 2 3	Now also that (more trouble)
Komt er nog wat van? 2 3	Is something happening? (Obviously not - action should be taken)
Het is nog vroeg	It is still early
Ik heb nog een koffer in Berlijn (staan) 2 (3)	I still have a suitcase [standing] in Berlin (from a song by Hildegard Knef)
Hoeveel tijd is er nog? 2 3	How much time is [there still] left?
Hoe lang nog?	[How long still?] How much longer?
Hoe lang nog voor we weer een overstroming krijgen?	How much longer till [we get] there is [again a] another flood?
Er is nog veel werk 2	There is still a lot of work
Er is nog veel te doen 2	There is still much to do
Er is nog veel papier	There is still a lot of paper
Er moet nog hard gewerkt worden	It still needs a lot of hard work
Er is nog zoveel te doen! 2 3 4	There is still so much to do!
Heb je nog even tijd?	Do you still have a moment?
Is er nog genoeg tijd?	Is there still enough time?
Is er nog genoeg brood? 2	Is there still enough bread?
Een prettige dag nog	[Enjoy the remainder of the day] Have a nice day!
Nog vele jaren!	[Still many years! Wishing you many more years] - Many happy returns! - more Birthday
Moet je nog eten? 2 3	Do you still have to eat? Did you not eat yet?
Heb je Piet nog gekend?	[Have you still known Piet?] Did you ever meet Piet? (he has passed or moved away)
Dan weet ik nog niks 2 3	'Then I still [know nothing] don't know anything' - failing to get an insight or new information
Zij denkt dat het nog gaat gebeuren	She thinks it's still going to happen
Misschien komt dat nog 2 3	Maybe that's still coming, maybe that's still going to happen
Ik luister nog vaak naar ... 2	I still (often) listen to ...
De CD ... van ... draai ik ook nog vaak.	I still often play the CD ... by ...
Wie kun je nog vertrouwen? 2 3	Whom can you still trust? (after bad experiences)
Nog twee nachtjes slapen 2 3	['Still 2 nights of sleep'] - 'Still two sleeps' - said to children expecting an event
alsnog 2 3 4	still, yet, belatedly
Alsnog gefeliciteerd! 2 3	Belated congratulations!

English 'yet' is somewhat similar to 'still' and is also often translated as 'nog' - especially in the negative 'not yet' - 'nog niet' 2 3 and 'nog geen' - something awaiting fulfillment, a situation not reached, a condition not met (niet 2 'not' is a kind of adverb, stating a negative about a verb or saying an action was not taken, while geen 'no' is a kind of adjective meaning 'zero quantity.')
It may be that 'nog niet' refers to time, something hasn't happened yet, while 'nog geen' refers to items.

Ik heb nog niet gegeten	I have not yet eaten
Ik heb nog niet gestemd	I have not voted yet
We hebben de oorlog nog niet gewonnen	We have not yet won the war, we still have not won the war
Ik ben er nog niet helemaal uit 2 3	['I'm not yet completely out of it'] - I do not yet fully understand it
Ik ben bang dat de avocado's nog niet rijp zijn 2	I'm afraid the avocados are not ripe yet
Ik ben bang dat het nog niet klaar is	I'm afraid it's not ready yet
Ik heb nog geen rollator	[I have no walker yet] I still don't have a walker
Er is nog geen oplossing	There is still no solution, there is no solution yet
't Is nog geen tijd 2	It's not time yet
Heb je nog niet gegeten? 2	Haven't you eaten yet?
't Is nog niet te laat 2 3	It's not yet too late
Zijn we d'r nog niet? 2 3	Are we not 'there' yet? Are we not yet at our destination?
We zijn er bijna ...	We're almost there ...
... maar nog niet helemaal 2	... but not yet [entirely, completely] at the end of the journey
Heb ik dat woord nog niet? 2 3	Don't I have that word yet? (not recorded yet)
nog eens 2	again, another time, one more time
Zou U dat nog eens willen zeggen? 2	Could you please say that again, repeat that?
Kunt U dat nog eens zeggen?	Could you please say that again, repeat that?
Ik heb laatst Startide Rising nog eens gelezen	Sometime ago I've reread ...
tot nog toe 2	up until now, as yet, not yet
also: tot nu toe	up until now, as yet
Er is tot nog toe geen beter alternatief 2 3	There is up till now no better alternative
't Beste dat er tot nog toe is 2 3	The best there is up till now
voorlopig 2	For the moment, for the time being
't Is voorlopig genoeg 2 3	For the time being it's enough
De voorlopige uitslag van de verkiezingen 2 3 4	The preliminary results of the elections ->>
voorlopig nog niet 2	Not yet, not in the near future
Voorlopig nog geen Elfstedentocht 2	For the time being no 11-Cities Tour (yet) ->>
nog steeds 2 3	still (with a sense of 'long after' or 'for a long time,' or 'after all these years')
Ik vind 't nog steeds een fantastische film	(After all these years) I still think it's a great movie
Ik vond het nog steeds erg goed	I still really liked it
Ik heb nog steeds geen rollator 2 3	I still don't have a walker (despite my age / I should get one etc.)
Ik ben nog steeds moe 2 3 4	I'm still tired
Is dat nog steeds zo? 2 3	Is [that] it still like that?

De wind is gaan liggen, maar we zitten nog steeds in het water The wind has died down, but we're still in the water

Stress can change the meaning of the sentence; stressing 'nog' here changes the meaning from a series to 'again' or 'one more'

Wie weet er nog een mop?	[Who knows a joke?] Anybody has a joke to tell?
Wie weet er nòg een mop? 2	Who still [knows] has another joke to tell? (people have been telling jokes for a while)
Draai je nou niet nog een keer om 2 3	[Now don't turn over (in bed) another time] - Get up!
Dat gaat me niet nog een keer gebeuren 2 3	That's nog going to happen to me again
Ik wil ook nog een keer naar Amerika.	I would also like to visit the US sometime. ('America')
Ik wil nòg een keer naar Jeruzalem 2 3	I would like to visit Jerusalem again.
nòg een keer 2 3 4	one more time, again, another time!
nog één keer 2 3	just one more time

In English, words like 'nog' are sometimes not necessary.

nooit 2	never ->>
nog nooit 2	never yet, never before, never
Dat heb ik nog nooit meegemaakt 2	I've never exerienced that before, that has never happened to me before
Ik had me nog nooit zo ziek gevoeld 2 3	I'd never felt that sick (before)
Ik had me nog nooit zo beroerd gevoeld 2 3	I'd never felt that miserable (before)
Ik ben nog nooit in Rome geweest	I've never (yet) been to Rome
also: nooit eerder 2	never before

In the examples above it may be all right in English to just say 'never' without 'yet' or 'before,' but leaving out 'nog' in Dutch looks bare, poor - like English doesn't use an equivalent of 'nog' in many of the series of examples below, but in Dutch that wouldn't look good.

't Kan ooit nog van pas komen 2 3	It could be useful someday, come in handy one day
Heb je de laatste tijd nog een goed boek gelezen?	Have you (still) read [a good book] any good books lately?
even 2 3	a moment ->>
nog even 2	[still a moment] - a little longer
Dat duurt nog wel even 2 3	That's going to take a while, it's not going to happen soon
Ik wil er nog even over nadenken 2 3	I would like (some time) to think it over (Dutch and English 'over' seem to have different meanings)
Ik wil er nog een nachtje over slapen 2	I want [a night to] to sleep on it
Je kunt nog even blijven liggen 2	You can stay in bed a little longer
Zeg je nog even dag tegen Jan? 2	Please [still] take a moment to say goodbye to Jan (before you go)
't Duurt zeker nog een uur 2	It's going to take [certainly still] an hour at least
maar	but; only ->>
nog maar 2 3	[still just] only
Hij is nog maar een baby 2	He's [still just] only a baby
We wonen nog maar kort hier 2	We've only been living here for a short time
Kon ik nog maar even blijven liggen	If only I could [still] stay in bed a little longer
laatst 2	not so long ago, 'the other day'
Ik had het er laatst nog over met Jan 2	I was discussing it with Jan the other day
Ik heb Jan laatst nog gezien 2	I have [seen] met Jan the other day
Dan ben je nog niet jarig 2 3	(expression) [Then it won't be like a birthday] - you will be punished severely
Al is de leugen nog zo snel, de waarheid achterhaalt haar wel 2 3 4	['However quick a lie may be, the truth will overtake it'] - Lies won't last, the truth will come out eventually

Occasionally, nog meaning 'remaining' is translated by other words than 'yet' or 'still'

Hij kan nauwelijks nog lopen 2

He can barely walk anymore

Synomyms, Alternates and Related Words

Toch konden ze goed samenwerken
Still (despite something mentioned before) they were able to work together well

Er blijkt toch genoeg geld te zijn 2
It turns out that there is enough money (after all)

hoewel although

Hoewel de proef mislukte, hebben we toch veel geleerd
Although the experiment failed, we still learned a lot

Hoewel het regende, ging hij toch zonder jas naar buiten 2
Although it was raining, he still went out without a coat

In 'hoewel' constructions like these 'toch' may also be left out:

Hoewel hij hard gewerkt had, zakte hij voor het examen
Although he had worked hard, he (still) failed the test

ondanks 2 3 despite, in spite of

Ondanks de regen hadden we toch een leuke dag 2
Despite the rain we still had a nice day

Ondanks de lening kon hij het bedrijf toch niet redden 2 3 (-ie) (-ie2)
Despite the loan he [still] couldn't save the company

Ik ben wel oud, maar toch niet zò oud 2
I may be old, but I'm not that old (yet)

'Toch' is often used to express an exasperation, irritation or annoyance, or a resignation to a less-than-ideal world - translated in various ways in English, sometimes by 'anyway' or 'what in the world?'

Ga toch fietsen! 2 3	[Go ride your bike!] - 'Take a hike! Go away! Get lost!' (I don't believe what you're saying and you're wasting my time.)
't Is toch overal hetzelfde 2	It's the same everywhere (anyway) - there's no escaping, moving doesn't help
't Maakt toch allemaal niks uit 2	[All of it doesn't make a difference] - Whatever you do, it doesn't help
't Heeft toch geen zin	It's no use anyway (Whatever you do ...)
't Heeft toch geen enkele zin 2 3	It's no use at all anyway (Whatever you do ...)
Er is toch niks aan te doen 2 3	Nothing can be done about it anyway
Dat wordt toch niks 2 3 4	[That's not going to be anything ever] That's never going to work
Dat hou(d) je toch 2 3	[That's going to remain, whatever you do] - You can't change that, that's not going to change
Dat zei ik toch! 2 3 4 5	That's what I said (but you weren't listening) - told you so
Nou ik toch hier ben ... 2	Now that I'm here anyway ... (I can take care of something else too)
Dat kan toch niet? 2 3	[That cannot be - that shouldn't be possible] - How in the world can that be?
Waar komt die rotzooi toch vandaan?	Where in the world does all that garbage come from?
Dat zal toch wel niet? 2	[That will not be!] - I hope it isn't like that
Dat is toch niet normaal! 2 3	That cannot be normal! It's outrageous, out-of-range
Wat is er toch?	What's going on? What is it? (Not getting answers, not understanding what's going on)
Wat is er toch aan de hand?	What's going on? What is it? (Not getting answers, not understanding what's going on)
Nee toch! 2	Oh no! (Said when something horrible happened or you just received bad news) Say it ain't so! I hope that it's not true!
Ik ben toch in Nederland? 2 3 4 5	I'm in Holland, am I not? (When people keep speaking English to you) ->>
We zijn toch in Nederland?	We're in Holland, aren't we? (When people keep speaking English to you)
Ik moet toch weten wat er gebeurt in de wereld 2 3	I [have to] want to know what's going on in the world (following the news)

'(De) tocht' 2 is usually a difficult journey or a military campaign - though it can also mean 'draft,' undesirable chilling airflow in a room

(de) zwerftocht 2	ramble, trek
de Tiendaagse Veldtocht 2	The 10-day Campaign (Holland-Belgium 1830)
de Kruistochten 2	the Crusades

de Tocht der Tochten 2	'the tour of tours' - "the Mother of all Tours"
= De Elfstedentocht 2	The 11-Cities Tour - more
'n barre tocht 2 3	a difficult, grueling journey
Ik zit op de tocht 2 3	[I'm sitting in a draft] I feel a draught
(het) hart	heart ->>
(de) hartstocht 2	passion
hartstochtelijk 2 3	passionate

2. 'nog' = 'even, still'

Dat is nog beter 2 3	That's even better!
't Was nog erger dan ik dacht 2 3	It was even worse than I had thought
Dan zijn we nog verder van huis 2 3	(expression) [Then we're even farther from home] - Then we'll be even worse off
Moeten we de dijken nog verder verhogen?	Do we have to, should we raise the levees still (even) further?

Synomyms, Alternates and Related Words

The compound word nogal 2 means 'rather, quite, in a large degree,' 'pretty'

't Is nogal brutaal 2 3	It's rather insolent
Het is nogal ver	It is quite far
Ik ben nogal bijgelovig 2	I'm rather superstitious
Dat is nogal logisch 2 3 4	That's rather logical, that's self-evident (I see that)

'Rather' indicating a preference, "I'd rather ..." is liever 2 3 - more

Ik wil liever geen vlees eten 2 3

I'd rather not eat meat

'Nogmaals' is literally "one more time" - 'again'

Nogmaals bedankt 2

Thanks again!

The soundalike, somewhat old-fashioned 'noch' is like 'nor' in English 'neither ... nor.' Dutch usually leaves out the 'neither.' It's mostly found in sayings.

kind noch kraai	[child nor crow] - having neither family ties nor possessions, very poor
vis noch vlees 2	neither fish nor [meat] fowl - of an undetermined nature
taal noch teken	[word nor sign (received)] - incommunicado, disappeared
god noch gebod	[recognizing neither god nor commandment] - lawless - more alliterations

The Dutch adjective and adverb stil 2 (stil/stille 2) means 'quiet, no sound.' Originally it probably had a wider meaning, like English 'still' - no movement, which is still found in many Dutch compound words and expressions with 'stil.' It is in the same range of meaning.

(de) stilte 2	(the) quiet
windstil 2	no wind, windless
(de) stilstand 2	standstill; stagnation
(de) wapenstilstand 2	[arms shutdown] ceasefire, truce
(de) hartstilstand 2 3 4	cardiac arrest
(het) stilleven 2 3 4	still life (painting)
honger stillen 2 3	to [quiet] satisfy hunger
de klok stilzetten 2	to stop the clock
De klok staat stil 2	[The clock is standing still] - The clock has stopped
de Stille Oceaan	[The Quiet Ocean] The Pacific
stilzitten 2 3	to sit still, not move
't Ligt stil 2 3	it closed down, there is no more activity, work ceased
De stilte voor de storm	The quiet (calm) before the storm
Hij lijdt in stilte 2	[He is suffering in silence] - He is quiet about his suffering
Hoor je hoe stil het is? 2	Do you hear how quiet it is?
't Is zo stil op straat 2	It's so quiet on the streets
't Was even stil 2 3	For a moment it was quiet
Opeens werd 't stil	Suddenly it became quiet
't Werd stil rond de tafel 2 3	It [became] got quiet around the table
Je moet stil zijn	You have to be quiet
't Is hollen of stilstaan 2 3 4	[It's either running or standing still] 'When it rains it pours'
Het is windstil 2	There is no wind
't Is alleen windstil als je wilt vliegeren 2 3	The only time there's no wind is when you want to fly a kite
Menno Simons - 'de stillen in den lande'	Menno Simons - 'the quiet ones in the land' (After the failures of militant Anabaptism, Rev. Simons told his followers to 'be quiet,' refrain from ostentatious display) ->>
stilletjes 2 3	quietly, low sound // without fuss, without display, inconspicious, unostentatious

(het) geluid ('sound') - luid (luide ) ('loud') ‑>>
(de) geluidstechnicus 2 sound engineer
(de) geluidsinstallatie home sound system, 'stereo'
(de) geluidsbarrière 2 'sound barrier' (~'speed of sound')
luidkeels 2 3 ('[loud-throated] loudly, shouting, at the top of your voice')
(het) bijgeluid 2 3 ['side noise' - there is no English equivalent] - 'noise' - an unwanted, annoying, irritating or interfering sound next to what you want to hear
more 'geluid'  below

Dutch has several words for 'noise,' like (het) lawaai 2 - (het) kabaal 2 - (de) herrie
Een hels kabaal 2 3 4 [a hellish noise] - an awful lot of noise
lawaaiïg 2 ('noisy') - luidruchtig / luidruchtige ('noisy, loud')
(Het) rumoer 2 ('hubbub, people muttering or shouting') - English 'rumor,' unverified information floating around is (het) gerucht 2 - though when the neighbors make too much noise it's (het) burengerucht
(de) ruis 2 ('static, white noise' - and also the sound of wind in trees)
geruisloos 2 3 4 ('silent, without making sound' - said of movement)
(het) geroezemoes ('hubbub,' chaotic crowd talking noise)

Wat een herrie! 2 3 4	[Such a noise!} So much noise!
Ik werd ziek van de herrie 2	The noise made me sick
Houdt die herrie nooit op?	Is that noise never going to stop?
Er is alleen herrie	There is only noise, all there is is noise
Ik schrok van het lawaai 2	I was frightened by the noise, the noise frightened me
een geweldig lawaai 2 3	a tremendous noise, a greate amount of noise
Ze klaagden over het lawaai 2 3 4	They complained about the noise
Heb je geen last van het lawaai? 2 3 4	Doesn't the noise bother you? ‑>>
Ik ben eraan gewend 2 3 4 5	I've gotten used to it, I'm used to it ‑>>
interessante geluiden 2 3	interesting, intriguing? sounds
Bij 't minste of geringste geluid werd-ie wakker	He woke up at the littlest noise
een naargeestig geluid 2 3	a dreary, depressing sound, creating a gloomy mood
Er is te veel achtergrondgeluid	There is too much background noise
Er lijkt een boel achtergrondgeluid	It 'looks' like there is a lot of background noise

Zacht (zachte 2 - zacht / zachte ) is 'soft' - relating to sound it can also be translated as 'quiet, quietly, not loud.'
Zachtjes (the adverb) is 'softly, gently, carefully' and it can also be used for speaking quietly.

zachte muziek 2 3	soft music (not loud)
een zachte stem 2 3	a quiet voice (not loud)
Hij zei heel zachtjes 'ja' 2 3	He said 'yes' very softly

See also:  Words of Hearing

'Quiet,' no or low activity is rustig from (de) rust 2 'rest,' time of relaxation, nap or sleep ‑>>

(de) nachtrust 2 3	'(a) night's [rest] sleep'
welterusten	good night, happy dreams
slaap lekker 2	sleep well
Welterusten allemaal 2	'Goodnight all'
Nou, welterusten 2	Well, goodnight ‑>>
goed uitgerust 2	well-rested
even uitrusten! 2	I need to rest for a moment
innerlijke rust 2	'inner peace,' inner calm
in alle rust 2 3	[in all quiet] quietly, unhurried (a relaxed situation)
onrust	'unrest,' restlessness
onrustig 2 3	restless, troubled, agitated
verontrustend 2	alarming, worrying, disturbing
kalm 2 (3)	calm, peaceful
kalmeren 2	to calm down, to make or become quiet and tranquil
(de) kalmte 2 3	serenity, tranquility, no disturbances

rustig rustige 2 3	quiet, peaceful, no or low activity
onrustig 2 3	restless, troubled, agitated
Alles was rustig	Everything was quiet
rustig aan 2	don't rush, take it easy
Rustig maar 2	There, there (comforting an upset person)
rustig rijden	drive clamly
Drink eerst even rustig een kopje thee 2	'First have a cup of tea in quiet'
Hij dronk rustig een kopje thee 2 3	He quietly [drank] had a cup of tea, not hurried, at ease
Hij at rustig een worstje 2	He was quietly eating a (small) sausage
Ik vind 't wel rustig 2 (3)	[I think it's quiet] - I like the quiet of it
met rust laten	['to leave in peace'] - not bother someone, leave alone
Ze hebben ons met rust gelaten 2	They have left us alone, they didn't bother us
Laat 'm met rust 2	Leave him alone, don't bother him

rusten to rest

-

ik rust I am resting

-

wij rusten we are resting

-

ik rustte I was resting

-

wij rustten we were resting

-

ik heb gerust I have rested

'gerust' 2 3 is the past participle of rusten:  'rested' - but it also has other meanings, most commonly something like 'with confidence, without fear, safely'
ongerust 2 'worried, concerned' - see also: zorgen

zich ongerust maken 2 3 (over 2)	to worry (about)
Ik ben ongerust 2	I'm worried
Ik ben er niet gerust op 2 3 4	I'm worried about it, I'm anxious about it, it may go wrong
Kom gerust eens langs 2 3	Do come visit sometime (you're always welcome)

English 'rust,' iron ((het) ijzer 2 3) oxidizing is (de) roest
'rust roest' inactivity leads to stagnation
de roestige ketting - de ketting is roestig the rusty chain - the chain is rusty

'druk'  = busy

druk

Was 't druk? 2 3	Was it busy?
't Was niet druk 2 3	It was not busy, it was quiet
Het is te druk 2	It's too busy, there's too much to do
'n drukke dag 2	a busy day
Je bent er maar druk mee 2 3	You're quite busy with it, it takes up a lot of your time and energy, it sure keeps you busy
Hij was druk doende	He was busy (doing) - busy with something

In the next examples you'll see that in Dutch questions the verb is placed before the subject, and that in 'conditional subsentences' the complement is placed before the verb - more

Ben je druk? 2 3	Are you busy?
Je bent druk 2	You're busy
Als je druk bent ... 2	If you're busy ...
Heb je 't druk? 2 3	Are you busy?
Je hebt 't druk 2 3	You're busy
Als je 't druk hebt ... 2 3	If you're busy ...

'Kouwe drukte' 2 3 4 ['cold busyness'] - unnecessary, needless fuss

(De) druk can also mean 'pressure,' literal or figurative, or 'print, printing'
There are many compound words with 'druk,'  like:

(de) afdruk 2	print
(de) blauwdruk	blueprint, detailed building plan ‑>>
(de) bloeddruk 2 3	blood pressure ‑>>
(het) hogedrukgebied 2 3	high-pressure area (weather)
(de) indruk	impression
(de) nadruk 2	emphasis, stress
(de) uitdrukking 2	expression ‑>>
vetgedrukt	in [fat] bold print
(de) eerste druk 2 3	(the) first printing, first edition
wiegedrukken 2	incunables, the very first printed books
(de) kouwe drukte 2	[cold] unnecessary fuss, hoopla, pretentious relevance

Ik heb de indruk dat ... 2 3	I have the impression that ... (I feel, I sense ...)
't Maakt een slechte indruk 2 3	It [makes] gives a bad impression
But:  Ik was onder de indruk	I was impressed - more
de nadruk ligt op ... 2	the emphasis is on ... - more
't Is drukkend 2 3	oppressive weather - a thunderstorm threatening?

'Bezig' 2 is 'busy with, working on.' As you could guess, it's from the same root as English 'busy.'
bezigheden 2 3 'activities' - work, pursuits, chores

Waar ben je mee bezig? 2	What are you working on, busy with?
Ik ben met iets anders bezig 2 3	I'm working on, busy with something else
Ik ben net zo lekker bezig 2 3 (4 5)	[I'm delightfully busy, I feel good about and enjoy what I'm doing, and it's going well] - I'm on a roll
also:  Wat ben je aan het doen?	What are you [doing] working on, busy with?
Ik ben een brood aan 't bakken. 2	I'm baking bread. ‑>>

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