1a. before - time - "before eight"
1b. before, in front of - place
- "a tree in front of the house"
2. for - "a present for Mary"
2a. in favor of - "are you for or against?"
3. various, others - "be kind to animals"
Dutch 'voor' and English 'for' may be fairly equivalent, you
can often use Dutch 'voor' where English says 'for,' but in other
languages there may be a wide variety of prepositions to express
those meanings. Study the many
sample sentences for a better understanding of the usage.
Dutch 'voor' is 'before' both in time and place - English
rather says 'in front of' for place.
Safety before everything (else) -
Safety first! (the English phrase is more common)
'Eerder'
means 'earlier' in the sense of 'before, before now or
before a certain point in time' - maybe
related to English 'ere.' The phrase
'nooit eerder'2
('never before') is quite common.
(saying)
Think before you [begin] act Flemish 'ge' = 'je' (you) Here, 'eer'2
is an old-fashioned form of eerder 'before'
Synomyms, Alternates and
Related Words
Dutch 'voor'
can be both about time and place, but
Dutch has different opposites for 'voor' in 'time' and
'place' - like English 'after' and 'behind.'
The opposite of 'voor'
in time is 'na'
('after')
'Voor2
and 'na'
are used with just a noun or a short phrase - when there is a
subsentence with a subject and a noun, Dutchmen usually say
voordat23 or
nadat23
- it's usually not wrong to just say 'voor'
or 'na,' but saying voordat and nadat
in sub-sentences is better Dutch.
[He doesn't put a leaf in front of his mouth] -
He's not afraid to speak his mind, he doesn't mince his words
Synomyms, Alternates and
Related Words
When 'voor' is
about place, 'in front
of,' the Dutch opposite is 'achter'
('behind, back.') Achter 't huis
('behind the house.')
English 'after'
looks suspiciously
like Dutch 'achter'
('behind.') It must be from the same
root - but the Dutch word is now almost only used for place, rarely
for time; and English 'after' on the other hand, is only used for time,
not for place - though we still find 'aft' - "lav aft inop."
Though the word
achteraf
can mean both 'afterwards, after something happened'
but also 'remote, remotely located' and 'achter' is found in a
time phrase like:
achter in de twintig23
('in my/his/her late 20s') and a word like
(de) achterneef
('a distant male relative')
->> Anne Frank: Het Achterhuis
'Anne Frank' - 'The Back of the House' or 'The House in Back'
- usually translated as 'The
Secret Annexe.'
->>
In the last words above, 'voorruit' ('front window, car windshield')
and 'achterruit' ('back window') may have the stress in the
first syllable, while 'vooruit' ('forward')
and 'achteruit' ('backwards') may have the stress on the last
syllable - though it may not be very strong.
Dutch (de) 'gang'
in a building means 'corridor, hallway.'
(De) ingang2 is
'entry, entrance'
- (de) uitgang2
is 'exit, egress.'
It can be combined with 'voor' and 'achter' to form
(de) vooruitgang2
('front exit')
and achteruitgang23
('back exit.')
De gang
derives from
gaan('to go')
->>
and in some compound words it can mean something like 'course, development.'
With the aforementioned 'vooruit' ('forward') and 'achteruit'
('backward') it forms the words
(de) vooruitgang
('progress') and
(de) achteruitgang2
('decline, regression.')
Listen sharp to where the stress of the word
is, and where you may hear a little pause between the parts of the word.
Vraag niet wat Nederland voor jou kan doen, maar vraag
je af wat jij voor Nederland kunt doen
23 Do not ask what Holland can do for you,
but ask yourself what you can do for Holland (naar president Kennedy
2)
(after president Kennedy
Note that Dutch leaves
out, does not translate 'for' in statements of
duration, talking about length of time
- more
Vechten tegen de Bierkaai
/
/ 't Is vechten tegen de Bierkaai
23
'It's like fighting [against] the Bierkaai'
- 'a hopeless struggle you can't possibly win'
'De Bierkaai'
2('Beer Quay'?) was a rowdy neighborhood in old Amsterdam
Sometimes the differences seem to be
fluid or meaningless. Or maybe it's my limited understanding of English
prepositions. In the next line
I wonder if I should translate 'before' or 'in favor
of' - or maybe 'over'?
Take the certain before the uncertain
- i.e. 'not taking risks'
/or:/ Take the certain in favor of the uncertain
'Tegen'
and 'against' are not only against a static, physical object, but can
also mean 'in the other direction' - like for instance:
Ik heb geleerd tegen de stroom in te zwemmen
23
Ik heb tegen de stroom in leren zwemmen
234I've learned [to swim against the current] -
to go my own way, rebel, not follow current trends, fashion or
popular thinking, go against the
majority‑>>
Some examples in the list above are ambiguous, but anyway, the
opposites of this other-direction 'tegen' are
mee
and mede2
- something like 'along with'
- I guess they're alternate forms of met
('with.') The next examples nicely show the meaning:
(Wanneer is 't klaar?
23 When [is] will it be ready?)
Als 't meezit ...
2If things go well, if we're lucky ...
Als 't meezit is 't morgen klaar
If things go well it will be ready tomorrow
Als 't tegenzit ...
2if it doesn't go well, if we're not lucky,
if things don't work out ...
Als 't tegenzit kan 't nog wel een week duren
If things don't work out
it may take a week
't Zit mee
23It's going well
't Zit ons niet mee
23It's not going well,
we're having a lot of trouble, luck seems against us
't Zit tegen
23It's not going well‑>>
'Meedoen'
is something like 'to join in' or 'do something together.'
Wil je meezingen?
Would you like to sing along?
Willen jullie meezingen?
Would y'all like to sing along?
Je moet met je tijd meegaan
23slowYou should [go along with]
adapt to [your] the (changing) times
meewerken
2to co-operate
Als jullie niet willen meewerken ...
2If you guys don't want to co-operate ...
(het) meewerkend voorwerp
['cooperating item'] - indirect object,
dative
(het) voorwerp 23object, item, 'thing'
meemaken 2to experience, 'happen to you,' 'to see'
Heb je wel eens zo-iets meegemaakt?
2 Heb je zo-iets wel eens meegemaakt?
Have you ever experienced something like
that? Has it ever happened to you?
Dat heb ik nog nooit meegemaakt
That has never happened to me
Dat ik dit nog mee mag maken
2[That I still can see this] - Amazing (or
unexpected) that I still came to this experience, that I lived to see
this
'Met'
'with' is another form of mee and mede - often
translated as 'with' but sometimes that's awkward English and/or
it is left out
A secondary item added or attached:
koffie met melk en suiker
coffee with cream and sugar‑>>
een boterham met kaas
2a slice of bread with cheese‑>>
beschuitje met hagelslag
2rusk with chocolate sprinkles‑>>
krentenbrood met spijs
2[currants] 'raisin' bread with almond paste,
'Stollen'‑>>
boerenkool met worst
curly kale with sausage‑>>
warme melk met honing
23hot milk with honey
te veel mensen met te veel geld
2too many people with too much money‑>>
met man en muis
vergaan (saying)
[perishing with man and mouse] - said of ships being lost
completely, no survivors, nothing recovered
roos met knoppen
rose with buds‑>>
Jan met de pet 2['John with the cap']
- 'the man in the street'
tot en met
2up to and including - 'through'
maandag tot en met vrijdag
Monday [up to an including] through Friday
maandag tot en met zaterdag
Monday through Saturday
'Met'
can also indicate an item used, a tool, a means, a person involved or
an item connecting with a verb, further defining a situation.
English uses other words than 'with' in some of these meanings
Ik loop met een stok
234I walk with a [stick] cane
- more below
aanraken met een stok
met een stok aanraken
2touching with a stick (pole?)
met alle mogelijke middelen
2with all possible means,
using everything available
met man en macht
(saying)
[with man and power] - with all possible
means, a great effort
met vereende krachten
2['with united [powers] forces'] - working
together, a cooperative effort
met lege handen
234'with hands empty,' not bringing anything or
without results
met m'n blote handen
2'with my bare hands'
- no tools (no gloves)
Met vriendelijke groet,
'With a friendly greeting,' - 'regards'
(informal greeting at the end of a letter)
in verband met
2because of [its connection to]
met het oog op morgen
2['with an eye on tomorrow'] - taking the
future into consideration
getrouwd met
married to
Hij is getrouwd met een Belgische
23He's married to a Belgian woman,
his wife is Belgian
matten met de politie
(slang) fighting with the police
roeien met de riemen die je hebt
2(saying)
['row with the oars you've got'] - 'make the best of it
working with the material (and people) at hand'
met twee maten meten
2'measuring with two yardsticks
- Using two measuring systems'
- applying double standards, a biased approach
Zij sleten hun dagen met sigaren
They spent their days
(with) [smoking] cigars
met een schone lei beginnen
2Starting with a clean slate (a new beginning
without baggage)
Hij heeft vaker met dat bijltje gehakt
23(saying)
['He has hacked with that little axe before' - 'He has wielded
that (little) axe before'] - 'he has done that
before, he has the experience' (usually in a somewhat
unpleasant task)
Hij gooit er met de pet naar
23(saying)
['He's throwing his cap at it'] 'He's not making a serious effort'
Ik heb het met eigen ogen gezien
23(saying)
['I've seen it with my own eyes']
- I witnessed it myself, personally
verontreinigd met
23contaminated by (a substance)
Ga je met de auto?
2Are you going by car?
Ga je met je eigen auto?
Are you going with your own car? Will you be
using your own car?
Wilt U liever met een tolk spreken?
2Would you prefer to talk [with] through an
interpreter?
Ik heb een lang gesprek met m'n baas gehad
I had a long talk with my boss
Velen met mij
['Many people with me'] - a group of
like-minded people, agreeing with me
goed kunnen opschieten met
23'to get on well with' (said about
good friends)
Ik kan goed opschieten met Jan
23I get on well ('fabulously') with Jan
Wat is er met Jan?
23What's [going on] with Jan?
Hoe is het met je moeder?
How is your mother?
Hoe zou 't met Kees zijn?
23How will it be with Kees? (haven't seen or
heard from him in a long time)
Met mij gaat 't goed
I'm fine
Wat is er met m'n stem?
What's (wrong) with my voice?
De draak steken met ...
(saying)
['stab the dragon with']
- to ridicule, make fun of ...
Hoe gaat 't met je werk?
How is your work coming along?
How is your job?
Hoe gaat 't op je werk?
How are things at work?
Hoe gaat 't met je studie?
How are your studies?
How are things at school?
Niet praten met je mond vol
2[Don't talk with your mouth full] - Don't
speak when your mouth is full of food
met kleine slokjes drinken
2drinking by taking small sips
drinken met mate
drink (alcohol) [with] in moderation
Ik heb 't met veel plezier gelezen
2I read it with great pleasure]
- I really enjoyed reading it
met twee woorden spreken
2['speak with two words'] - asking children to
speak politely
met losse handen fietsen
2[bicycling with loose hands] riding a bike
with your hands not on the handlebars
Door de tegenwind kwamen we (maar) met moeite vooruit
234Because of the [wind-against] headwind we only
[moved forward] progressed [with difficulty] slowly
met pensioen gaan
23to retire
Hij is met pensioen
2He is retired‑>>
met rust laten
['leave in peace'] - leave alone,
don't bother
Laat hem met rust
2Leave him alone, don't bother him
Ze hebben ons met rust gelaten
2They have left us alone,
they haven't bothered us
Wie helpt er met de afwas?
234Who'll help doing the dishes?
Hartelijk gefeliciteerd met jullie huwelijk
[heartelt] Many congratulations
on your marriage
knoeien
2to spill, waste by careless handling - and
figuratively, to swindle, to cheat with accounting for money
knoeien met melk
23spilling milk
knoeien met de belasting
23cheating with taxes, reporting false numbers
to the taxman
knoeien met de boekhouding
23cheating with bookkeeping, 'cook the books'
'Met'
is also used to place events, things happening on
Special Days
met oud en nieuw
[at old and new] - during New Year's
eve and New Year's day
Met Kerstmis gingen we naar de nachtmis
At Christmas we went to midnight mass
Ik ben met de Kerst vijf pond aangekomen
2I have gained 5 pounds
over the Christmas holiday
Wat doe je met Pasen?
23What are you doing at Easter? What are your
plans for the Easter holiday?
Met m'n verjaardag blijf ik thuis
23I'll stay home on my birthday‑>>
Occasionally, 'met' indicates a time
Met de Noorderzon vertrokken
2(saying)
[Departed at the North Sun hour] 'Secretly disappeared at midnight'
(leaving unfinished business and/or debts behind)
Ik hoop met een uurtje terug te zijn
23I hope to be back [in a little hour] within an
hour
See below for zonder
'without' as the opposite of met
'with' and there are many other examples of the use of met
in the paragraphs below and elsewhere on the page
met
with
doos met nummer
box with a number
zonder
without
doos zonder nummer
box without a number
Very different from compound verbs with 'mee'
are verbs that
use the preposition met
to 'connect' with an object - because that 'met' changes to
mee
when there is not an object but a
placeholder
(referring to something mentioned before) instead. (There
is not always a verb.)
When prepositions are involved, the Dutch placeholders are:
er
'it' daar
'that'
waar
'what'
te maken hebben met
23'having
to do with,' 'being a factor in,' 'being involved'
- 'being connected'
't Heeft met de temperatuur te maken
2It has to do with the temperature
De vochtigheid heeft er ook mee te maken
2The humidity is also involved in it
Misschien heeft 't daar ook mee te maken
23Maybe it has to do with that too, maybe it's
connected, related to that (is there a connection?)
Alles grijpt in elkaar
2Everything is connected
Ik wil er niks mee te maken hebben
23[I want nothing ...] - I don't want to have anything to
do with it
ophouden met
to stop, end, quit, cease
ophouden met roken
2to stop, quit smoking
ophouden met werken
2to stop working, to retire‑>>
Daar moet je mee ophouden
2You should stop doing that
Hou er onmiddellijk mee op!
23Now stop that (immediately) right away!
Waar ben je mee bezig?
2[What are you busy with]
~What are you working on?
Ik ben met iets anders bezig
23I'm busy with, working on something else
Je bent er maar druk mee
23It sure keeps, does keep you busy
Ik loop met een stok
234I walk with a [stick] cane
Ik loop met twee stokken
23I walk with two canes,
I use two canes for walking
Ik loop soms met een rollator
23I sometimes use a walker
Ik kan er goed mee lopen
2With it I can walk well
Ik kan er ver mee lopen
2I can walk far with it, I can walk good
distances with it
Ik loop er elke dag mee
23I walk with it every day, I use it every day
for walking
Maar wij zitten met de gebakken peren
23(saying)
['But we are left with the baked pears']
But we are the ones that have to pick up the pieces,
or more precisely: we are left with an unwanted responsibility
Wij zitten ermee
23We are left holding the bag
Wij zitten er maar mee
23We are left holding the bag‑>>
Ik ben blij met een kopje thee
I'm happy with a cup of tea, a cup of tea
makes me happy
Bent U blij met Uw fiets?
2Are you happy with your bike?
(polite 'you')
Ben je er blij mee?
23Are you happy with it? (informal 'you')
Ik ben tevreden met wat ik heb
2345I'm happy (content) with what I have
Hij is er tevreden mee
23He is happy (content, satisfied) with it
Ik heb moeite met de voorzetsels
I have difficulty with the prepositions, the
prepositions are difficult for me
Ik ken de regels ...
2I know the rules ...
... maar ik heb er moeite mee ...
234... but I have difficulty ...
... ze toe te passen
23... applying them
Daar moet je mee oppassen
234You have to, you'd better be
careful with that
Pas op met vuur!
23Be careful with fire!
Ik heb 't met veel plezier gelezen
2[I read it with
great pleasure] - I really enjoyed reading it‑>>
Veel plezier!
2Have fun!
Veel plezier ermee!
2Have fun with it!
zich bemoeien met
to meddle with, getting involved with something
where you're not wanted
See also: Reflexive Verbs Je moet je d'r niet mee bemoeien
2You shouldn't meddle, stay away from it
Bemoei je d'r niet mee
Don't get involved with it, go away!(d'r234
is a bit slang-y but it's sometimes easier to pronounce than 'er')
Ik ga er gelijk mee aan de gang
I'll start on it right away
't eens zijn met
23to agree (with) ('to be on one page')
Ik ben 't met je eens
2I agree with you, I think you're rightWhen even the placeholder is left out it's also 'mee'
Helemaal mee eens!
I'm in full agreement, I completely agree
Hoe is 't met je moeder?
How is your mother?
Hoe is 't ermee?
[How is it?] How are you?
Het beste ermee!
2All the best [with it]!
Hoe gaat 't met je werk?
How's your job going?
Hoe gaat 't op je werk?
How are things at work?
Hoe gaat 't met je studie?
[How are your studies?] How is school?
Veel succes ermee
23[(Wishing you) much succes with it]
- all the best
weg met ...
234[Away with ] Down with ...
Weg met ongelijkheid!
234[Away with ] Down with inequality!
Weg met betweters!
234Throw out the know-it-alls!
Weg ermee!
234Down with it! Out with it!
Weg d'r mee!
23Down with it! Out with it!
Wie met pek omgaat wordt ermee besmet
234(saying)
[He who handles, deals with pitch gets contaminated by it]
- He who touches pitch shall be defiled - dealing with evil will
easily change you for the worse
A modern Bible translation has Luke 9:50 as: Wie niet tegen ons is, is voor ons
23Whoever is not against You is for YouBut the traditional version is: Wie niet tegen U is, is met U
23He that is not against us is for usAlso in Matthew 12:30: Wie niet met Mij is, is tegen Mij
234He that is not with me is against me
In speaking to people, Dutch often says tegen
where English says 'to' - though you could emphasize the friendliness
of the exchange by using met
('with') instead of 'tegen' ('against')
Another opposite of met
'with' is zonder
'without'
For instance, the also in Holland popular French Fries
((de) patat)2‑>>
are usually eaten with mayonaise(Fr.)2 'mayo'
Patat met mayonaise2
French Fries with mayonaise
or if you prefer without mayo:
Patat zonder mayonaise2
The word 'mayonaise' is often left out:
patat-mèt2
-
patat-zonder2
met prik 2[with fizz] carbonated (drinks) zonder prik 23[without fizz] non-carbonated (drinks)
zonder cafeïne
2without caffeine, decaf zonder twijfel
without (a) doubt zonder waarschuwing
2without (a) warning zonder veel gevaar
without much danger zonder veel moeite
2345without much effort,
without much trouble
zonder verdoving
without anaesthesia zonder weerga
[without (a) reprise] - unique,
one-time-only
Jan zonder Vrees
2[John without Fear] John the Fearless
(father of Philip the Good‑>>)
Wie zonder zonden is werpe de eerste steen
'Let him who is without sin[s]
throw the first stone'
(John 8:7) Jesus addressing a mob of people
who want to stone an adulterous woman
- ('werpe' is an old-fashioned imperative)
(de) zondaar 23sinner‑>>
Als een kip zonder kop
23(saying)
'Like a chicken without its head' - acting irrationally
Geen rozen zonder doornen
(saying)
['No roses without thorns'] 'Nice things always come with
problematic attachments'
Geen rook zonder vuur
[No smoke without a fire]
- where there's smoke, there's fire
Zonder blikken of blozen
2(saying)
['without batting an eye or blushing']
- shamelessly doing something questionable
Zonder slag of stoot
(saying)
without resistance, without a fight
Gebed zonder end
(saying)
['an endless prayer'] something that goes on too long
Hoewel het regende ging hij toch zonder jas naar buiten
Although it rained, he still went out without
a coat
Hij onderging de behandeling zonder te klagen
He underwent the treatment
without complaining
automatically, without
thinking [it over]
zonder iets aan te raken
234 zonder ergens aan te komen
234without touching anything
zonder iets achter te laten
234without leaving anything behind,
not leaving anything behind
zonder ergens op te letten
234without paying attention to anything
zonder ergens aan te denken
234without thinking of anything
- iets/ergens
[(de)] zonderling
2peculiar, unusual, strange, odd;
a peculiar, unusual person (~weirdo, ~oddball)
(de) uitzondering
2exception‑>> bijzonder
special
4. 'voor' =
'to,' 'of,' and others, various
In other, isolated instances,
'voor' is translated by other prepositions, like 'to' or
'of'
1. one by one, one after another, each separately
2. one (minute) before one (o'clock)
De zoutkorrels in de zandloper
vallen één voor
één heel langzaam naar beneden
2slowslow2
The grains of salt in the hourglass
fall down one by one, very slowly (~one before the other)‑>>
To pass or fail (a test) is
'slagen voor' or 'zakken voor' (een examen)
Ik ben blij dat je voor het examen geslaagd bent
2
I'm glad you passed the exam
Ik was kwaad omdat ik weer voor m'n rijexamen gezakt was
2
I was angry because I failed
the driving test again
Hoewel hij hard gewerkt had, zakte hij voor het examen
Although he had worked hard
he failed the test
(het) voorstel
is 'proposal, proposition' and
voorstellen2
is to propose, submit a plan,
but the reflexive verbzich voorstellen2
means 'to imagine' and occasionally 'to introduce oneself'
het voorstel op tafel
the proposal on the table,
the proposal that was made
(De) voorstelling23
is literally 'depiction' but it usually means the performance of a
stage play
kort voor de voorstelling
2shortly before the performance
(Het) voorspel
['foreplay'] is 'prelude,' and in
chess 'opening,'
but voorspellen2
is 'to predict' or even 'to prophesy'
(De) beeldenstorm
'iconoclasm' was a feature of the early Reformation, when
mobs ransacked Roman Catholic churches and destroyed saints' statues
(1566 in Holland)
Synomyms, Alternates and
Related Words
Dutch 'voort'
is old-fashioned like Engish 'forth.' It's found in standard phrases
like: