Basic Dutch 3: Prepositions etc. (pictorial)
Basic Dutch:
Nouns
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Adjectives,
Adverbs and Verbs
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Prepositions (etc.):
pictorial
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list
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Master Lists of Dutch Words
with pronunciation, translation and links to explanation,
samples of usage and/or related words:
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Prepositions are a difficult part of learning a modern
foreign language. Prepositions may have several meanings, which may translate
into different words in the other language, and verbs may not use the
same prepositions.
Learn the words and the basic, physical meaning first, study the examples to
understand the context of their use, and then continue to the
next page
for the extended meaning of the words.
Click the more links to see and hear more examples of usage
voor
for
- more
aan
to
- more
van
of, from
- more
een cadeau voor Els
2
a present for Alice
Bob geeft het aan Els
Bob gives it to Alice
het cadeau van Bob
2
Bob's present
'cadeau' is sometimes spelled as
'kado'
de vrienden van m'n vader
the friends of my father's
voetjes van de vloer
'feet off the floor' - i.e. dancing
De bal rolde van de tafel af
The ball rolled off the table
op
on
- more
van
off
- more
aan
on
- more
op de tafel
on the table
van de tafel
off the table
op de vloer
on the floor
van de vloer
off the floor
- more
aan de muur
on the wall (fixed)
op de muur
on the wall (temporarily)
voor
in front of, before
- more
achter
behind
- more
tussen
between -and- among
- more
naast
next to, beside
- more
A is voor B en C
A is in front of B and C
B is tussen A en C
B is between A and C
C is achter A en B
C is behind A and B
D is naast A
D is next to A
Dutch 'tussen' is both
'between' (two) and
'among' (more than two.)
op
on
- more
onder
under
- more
aan
at
- more
op de tafel
on the table
onder de tafel
under the table
aan de tafel
at the table
op de stoel
on the chair
onder de stoel
under the chair
aan tafel!
2
come to the table! (food is served)
boven
over, on top of, above
- more
onder
under, below
- more
bij
with, at
- more
boven
over, above
- more
in
in
- more
op
on
- more
onder
under
- more
over
over, across
- more
boven het water
over, above the water
in de lucht
in the air
op het water
on the water
in het water
in the water
onder water
under water
een brug over de gracht
a bridge across the city canal
(de) voorkant
front
(de) zijkant
2
side
(de) achterkant
2
back
(de) bovenkant
top
(de) onderkant
2
bottom
(de) kant
side
(de) lange kant
2
3
(the) long side (of a rectangular item)
(de) korte kant
2
3
4
(the) short side (of a rectangular item)
(de) binnenkant
2
the inside of something
(de) buitenkant
2
the outside of something
Aan beide kanten
2
3
'on both sides'
Aan de ene kant
2
3
'on the one [side] hand'
Aan de andere kant
2
3
'on the other hand'
Aan de kant!
2
3
4
To the side! Get out of the way!
Deze kant op!
2
3
[To this side, In this direction]
- This way!
Welke kant op?
2
3
4
Which way? Which direction?
Een dubbeltje op z'n kant
2
[A dime on its edge]
- the outcome is very uncertain
partij kiezen
2
3
choosing (party) sides
terzijde
on the side, aside
Dutch (de) zijde
for 'side' is a little old-fashioned. It also means 'silk.'
Kant also means 'lace.'
Zij-
2 can also be
used as a prefix, meaning 'side-'
- more
boven
upstairs, above
- more
naar boven
up
- more
omhoog
up
- more
beneden
downstairs ('beneath')
- more
naar beneden
down
omlaag
down
- more
(de) trap
stairs
(de) lift
elevator
voor
in front of
more
achter
behind
- more
naast
next to
- more
voor het huis
in front of the house
achter het huis
behind the house
naast het huis
next to the house
(het) huis
house
- more 'house'
(de) zolder
attic
(de) eerste verdieping
the second floor
‑>>
(de) begane grond
the first (ground) floor
(de) kelder
cellar
boven
over, above
- more
op
on, on top of
- more
in
in, inside
- more
binnen
inside
- more
buiten
outside
- more
onder
under, below
- more
boven het huis
above the house
op het huis
on top of the house
op het dak
on the roof
in het huis
inside the house
buiten het huis
outside the house
onder het huis
under the house
een boom voor het huis
a tree in front of the house
tussen
among -and- between
- more
tussen de huizen
among the houses between the houses
om
about
- more
rond
around
more
bomen om het huis
trees about the house
bomen rond het huis
trees around the house
See also: Travel
- Foreign Lands
tegen een boom
against a tree
driehoek en vierkant
triangle and square
op deze plaats
at this point, in this spot
koffie met melk en suiker
coffee with cream and sugar
een koekje bij de thee
a cookie with the tea
de mok van Piet
Peet's mug
met
with
- more
zonder
without
- more
doos met nummer
box with a number
doos zonder nummer
box without a number
patat met mayonaise
french fries with mayo
patat-met
french fries with (mayo)
patat zonder mayonaise
french fries without mayo
patat-zonder
french fries without (mayo)
tegenover
opposite
ertegenover
2
opposite it
(het) tegenovergestelde
2
(the) opposite
‑>>
tegenovergesteld
(tegenovergestelde
2 )
opposite
't huis ertegenover
2
3
4
the house opposite it,
on the other side of the street
't huis schuin ertegenover
2
the house diagonally across (from it)
't huis erachter
2
the house behind it
't huis schuin erachter
2
3
the house diagonally behind it
(kitty-corner)
't huis ertussenin
2
3
the house in between (them)
ondersteboven
2
[downside-up] upside down
op de kop
2
on its head, upside-down
achterstevoren
2
backward
binnenstebuiten
2
inside-out
achterom
2
around the back, through the back door
andersom
the other way 'round
verkeerdom
the wrong way 'round
omgekeerd
'turned around,' upside-down, vice versa
de omgekeerde wereld
2
3
the world turned upside-down
vice versa
2
vice versa
2022
tweeduizend- tweeëntwintig
2
2023
tweeduizend- drieëntwintig
2
2024
tweeduizend- vierentwintig
3
4
2025
tweeduizend- vijfentwintig
2
3
2026
tweeduizend- zesentwintig
2
3
last year
vorig jaar
this year
dit jaar
2
next year
volgend jaar
2
- more
the past
het verleden
the present
het heden
the future
de toekomst
then
toen
now
nu
then
dan
the day before yesterday
eergisteren
yesterday
gisteren
today
vandaag
tomorrow
morgen
2
the day after tomorrow
overmorgen
2
voor
before
na
after
- more
tijdens
during
van
from
tot
to, till
tussen
between
en
and
de oorlog
the War
voor de oorlog
before the War
tijdens de oorlog
during the War
na de oorlog
after the war
van 1940 tot 1945
from 1940 to 1945
tussen 1940 en 1945
between 1940 and 1945
de Tweede Wereldoorlog begon in 1939
2
the Second World War started in 1939
om
at
om acht uur
at eight o'clock
voor acht uur
before eight
na acht uur
after eight
om acht uur precies
at eight sharp
op tijd
on time, in time
precies op tijd
exactly on time
te laat
too late
Dutch
time
(de) apotheek
pharmacy
(de) openingstijden
business hours
van acht tot zes
from eight to six
maandag tot en met zaterdag
Monday through Saturday
tot en met
up to and including
op zondag gesloten
closed Sundays
Dutch 'tot'
('to, till') is a little ambiguous: is the
second date included or not? To avoid confusion, we sometimes say
'tot en met'
('up to and including.')
Comparative and Superlative Degree
Very similar to English, Dutch in general adds -er to
the basic form for the comparative degree, and
-st is added for the superlative degree; but
'meer'
('more') and
meest
('most')
are less common in Dutch than in English. But for you, students, it's
alright to more often use 'meer' and 'meest'
while you're learning.
(de) vergrotende trap
2
3
comparative degree
(de) overtreffende trap
2
superlative degree
->>
(de) 'trap'
usually either means 'stairs' or 'kick'
lang
langer
langst
2
long; tall
longer; taller
longest; tallest
klein
kleiner
kleinst
2
small, little
smaller
smallest
groot
groter
grootst
2
big, large
bigger, larger
biggest, largest
smal
smaller
smalst
2
narrow
more narrow
most narrow
Henk is klein
Henk is short
Wim is groot
Wim is tall
Wim is groter dan Henk
Wim is taller than Henk
Henk is kleiner dan Wim
Henk is shorter than Wim
Henk is niet zo groot als Wim
Henk is not as tall as Wim
groter dan
> (taller than, larger than, greater than)
kleiner dan
< (smaller than, shorter than, less than)
twee is groter dan één
2 > 1 (two is greater than one)
drie is kleiner dan vier
3 < 4 (three is less than four)
See also: Groot en Klein
'large, tall, big, great' and 'small, little'
't Is veel moeilijker dan ik
dacht
2
3
It's much more difficult than I thought
There are of course a few exceptions, like in English with very common
adjectives and adverbs, and often in a similar way:
goed
good, well
beter
better
best
best
hear 3
weinig
little, few
minder
less, fewer
minst
least
een beetje
a little
minstens
at least
veel
much, many, a lot of
meer
more
meest
most
hoogstens
at most
Aller
2
- 'of all' - is the
old-fashioned possessive of
'al'
2 'all'
‑>> -
still found in names and standard
phrases etc.
(De) Allerheiligenbaai
('Bay of All Saints'
- San Salvador (?) Brazil - probably named after the day it was 'discovered.')
Dutch has a phrase construction using aller with a superlative:
De mooiste auto aller tijden
2
3
4
'the most beautiful car [of all time] ever'
->>
de armen
2
3
'the poor' - also the
body parts between hands and shoulders
de armsten
2
3
'the poorest people'
de allerarmsten
2
'the poorest of all, the poorest of the poor'
de eerste vogels
2
3
4
the first birds
de allereerste vogels
2
3
the very first birds
allerlei
2
1. all kinds of things
2. all kinds of ..., various, miscellaneous
Next:
Systematic List
(ordered by word type) - recommended
or: Alphabetic List
Much more about the prepositions (etc.):
Overview
- Aan
- Achter
- Af
- Al
- Als
- Binnen/Buiten
- Daar
- Dan
- Dat
- Door
- Eens
- Er
- Erg
- Even
- Haast
- Het
- In
- Laat
- Maar
- Na
- Naar
- Net
- Nog
- Of
- Om
- Onder/Boven
- Op
- Over
- Toen
- Uit
- Van
- Voor
- Vroeg
- Waar
- Wat
- Zo
- more
- more2
- Verbs and Their Prepositions
Master Lists of Common Dutch Words
- with pronunciation and links to
explanation, examples of usage, pictures and/or related words:
Dutch to English
- English to Dutch
The words selection is mostly based on Ogden and Richards'
Basic English - the drawings are all my own.
Basic Dutch:
Nouns
-
Adjectives,
Adverbs and Verbs
-
Prepositions (etc.):
pictorial
/
list
-
Supplement
email -
Copyright © Marco Schuffelen 2011-2020.
All rights reserved.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, redistributed,
or hotlinked to.
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2