OE in Dutch - Skip General Introduction

Pronunciation: Hear for Yourself

Adjectives in most positions get an -E  ending ‑>>
Several words appear twice on the page. I do not have an infinite number of recordings, and some combinations of letters are rarely or never found in Dutch.

Spelling and Pronunciation

• a double vowel is always 'long'
  (de) slaap ('sleep') - (de) vloot 2 ('fleet')
• a single vowel at the end of a word is always 'long' (except E)
  (de) sla ('lettuce') - (de) vlo 2 ('flea') - de 2 ('the' #1)
• a single vowel followed by one or more consonants at the end of a word is 'short'
  slap ('weak') - (het) vlot 2 3 ('raft')
• a single vowel followed by one consonant followed by another vowel is 'long.' (The syllables split is before the single consonant. This is somewhat like English 'silent E')
  slapen (sla-pen) ('to sleep) vloten (vlo-ten) 2 ('fleets')
• a single vowel followed by two or more consonants is 'short.' (The syllable break is between the consonants)
  slappe (slap-pe) ('weak') - vlotten (vlot-ten) 2 3 ('rafts')
  This rule 'works' for double consonants, but not always when the consonants are different
• Diphthongs don't have 'short' and 'long' forms

mannen (man-nen) 2

(de) maan 2 ('moon')

manen (ma-nen) 2 3

'Long' and 'short' are traditional terms. The difference is actually more of tone than length
More about spelling and pronunciation - another version
Learn the Rules by Studying and Listening to Examples

Major Exceptions to the Phonetic Spelling of Dutch:
- Page 1:   een   -IG   -ISCH   -LIJK  
- Page 2:   -B   -D   SCHR   -TIE   UW   WR

Hear the Dutch Letters in Hundreds of Words:
 AU/OU  CH  E  EI/IJ  EU  F  G  H  L  OE  SCH  U  UI  W  X  Y

'Master Lists' of Dutch words: Dutch to English - English to Dutch

OE in Dutch - Hear for Yourself

(de) oe
The Dutch OE is like English OO in BOOK, French OU in TOUS and German U in GUT, though probably generally a little longer or shorter
- (het) boek 2 3 book
- toe! 2 ~towards // - come on! // - other meanings ‑>>
- goed 2 (goede - goed/goede ) ('good, well, correct etc.) ‑>>
Dutch has many words from French with OU pronounced as Dutch OE. There will be a paragraph with examples at the bottom of the page, and I will use one or two in the main list.

Hear a few examples with Dutch OE:
koeien loeien: "boe" cows moo: 'moo'
de koekoek zegt: 'Koekoek' the cuckoo says: 'cuckoo
(de) koekoek 2 3 4 cuckoo
(het) boegeroep 2 'booing,' - audience shouting disapproval or contempt
(de) bloedgroep 2 3 blood group, blood type
(het) groenvoer [green food] ~vegetables
(de) doelgroep 2 [goal group] target audience
(het) snoepgoed candy, sweet-snack-stuff
(de) toevoer 2 supply, provisioning
(het) toedoen [doings with a certain direction] ~action, ~involvement

In the examples you'll see the F-V and S-Z shift a few times. Dutch words 'cannot' end in V or Z, that's an unusual sound for the Dutch mouth. V and Z need to be followed by a vowel of diphthong. V or Z at the end of a word or before a consonant will change to F or S ‑>>
- (de) boef 2 / boeven 2 ('criminal'/'criminals' - often jocular)
- (de) poes / poezen 2 3 ('cat'/'cats')

The 'first series' is grouped by the letter before the OE's, the 'second series' is grouped by the letter after the OE's:
- OE first series: OE0-OEZ - OE second series: 0OE-ZOE

the: de 2 / het 2 3 - 't ->>
Plurals always take 'de'
a: (een) - 'n / one: één 2 3

Look for letters or letter combinations that are difficult for you. Repeat words after me, try saying them like I do, and record yourself or ask a friend or fellow student to compare how you say them with how I say them. Try to bring your pronunciation of the words closer and closer to how I say them. Use as few or as many examples as you like.

OE	- (de) klamboe ('mosquito net' - from Malay) - (de) rimboe 2 ('jungle' - from Malay) - doe! ('do!') - ik doe 2 ('I do, I'm doing') - (het) gedoe 2 ('fuss, hassle') - (de) koe ('cow') - moe 2 3 4 ('tired') ‑>> - "opoe" 2 ('great- grandmother' - children's language)
OEA	- zouaaf / zouaven ('zouave'/'zouaves' - Papal soldier)
OEB	- troebel ('murky')
OED	- (het) foedraal ('leather bag' for a tool) - goed 2 / goede / goed/goede ('good, well, correct etc.) ‑>> - goedkoop 2 3 / goedkope 2 3 ('cheap, not expensive') ‑>> - een goed mens 2 3 ('a good person') - (de) hoed 2 ('hat') ‑>> - (de) voorhoede 2 3 ('vanguard') ‑>> - (de) achterhoede 2 ('rearguard') - gloednieuw 2 3 ([glowing-] 'brand-new') - (de) vloed ('high tide') ‑>> - (de) invloed 2 ('influence') - (de) moed ('courage') - moedig 2 ('brave, courageous') - (de) moeder ('mother') ‑>> - moedwillig 2 ('deliberate') - (het) poeder ('powder') - [(de)] spoed ('urgent,' // 'urgency') - (de) broeder ('friar' - lower clergy // 'male nurse' // 'brother' - all old-fashioned) - (de) gebroeders 2 ('brothers' - old-fashioned) values' ‑>>) - (de) vroedvrouw 2 3 ('midwife') - (de) voedingswaarde 2 ('nutritional - voedzaam 2 3 ('nutritious') ‑>> - (de) woede 2 ('anger')
OEE	Doe even serieus! 2 Be serious 'for a moment' - stop the joking around, it's no joke, it's a serious matter Doe een beetje normaal! 2 Act normally! Behave! Doe er een postzegel op 2 3 Put a stamp on it - mail
OEF	- (de) oefening 2 ('exercise') ->> - oefenen 2 ('to practice') ‑>> - (de) boef 2 ('criminal' - also jocular) - (het) boefje 2 ('naughty boy') - (de) hoef ('hoof' - horn on horse feet) - (het) hoefijzer 2 ('hoof iron' - horseshoe) - (de) hoefsmid 2 3 ([hoof smith] - 'farrier') - bedroefd / bedroefde 2 ('sad, sorrowful') - (de) behoefte ('need, want') - (de) proef 2 ('experiment') - (het) proefje 2 ('small experiment,' usually chemistry practice) - (de) drukproef 2 3 ('galley,' test run of print) - (de) vuurproef ('trial by fire, a serious challenge') - stroef ('stiff - with difficulty, not easy' - not lubricated)
OEG	- (de) ploeg ('plow' // 'team' - old-fashioned) - hij vroeg 2 3 ('he asked') ‑>> - (de) toegang 2 3 ('entry, entrance' // 'access') - Hoegaarden (a town in Belgium and a beer brand) - genoeg ('enough') ‑>> - goed genoeg 2 3 ('good enough') - (het) genoegen ('pleasure, satisfaction' - old-fashioned) - (de) kroeg ('~bar, ~café') - vroeg / vroege ) ('early') - 'vroeger' ('earlier, sooner' // 'in the past') - (de) toegift 2 ('encore' - music performance) - (de) wroeging ('remorse, feeling bad about past actions) - (de) vervoeging 2 ('conjugation') - Joegoslavië (the former country of Yugoslavia) - Oegstgeest 2 (a town)
OEH	- (de) metaaalmoeheid 2 3 4 ('metal fatigue') - (de) aardappelmoeheid 2 ('potato fatigue' - a plant disease, actually a nutrition deficiency) Hoe heet je? What's your name?
OEI	The I in OEI is pronounced as Consonant-Y, Dutch J - (de) boei 2 ('buoy') - boeiend 2 3 ('fascinating, gripping') - doei! ('bye!' - slang) - foei! 2 ('bad!' - disapproval) - Goeie gunst! 2 ('Good grief!') - Hoei (a town in Belgium) - vloeibaar 2 3 ('liquid') - bloeien ('to bloom, flower') - gloeiend heet 2 3 ([glowing -] 'red-hot') - (de) moeite 2 ('difficulty, exertion') - moeilijk / moeilijke ('difficult') - vermoeid / vermoeide ('tired') - (de) vermoeidheid 2 3 4 ('fatigue, tiredness') - knoeien 2 ('to spill' // 'to swindle, cheat') - (de) snoeischaar ('pruning clippers') - (de) roeiboot ('rowboat') - roeien 2 ('to row') - (de) sproeier ('sprinkler') - (de) broeikas 2 ('hothouse') - (de) groei 2 ('growth') ‑>> Al wat groeit en bloeit en ons telkens weer boeit 2 'All things that grow and flower and fascinate us time and again' - title of the nature segment of a popular radio program by Dr. Fop I. Brouwer - boeien 2 is literally 'to shackle, to handcuff,' but is often used figuratively, 'to captivate, to be fascinating' Het boeide me niet 'It was not really interesting, I was bored by it'
OEIE	- doe-ie! ('goodbye' - slang)
OEJ	See also OEI above - Goejanverwellesluis a hamlet near Gouda 2 - in 1787 a local militia stopped and detained the stadhouder's wife, the sister of the king of Prussia Wat doe je nou? 2 What in heaven's name are you doing? (it looks stupid or questionable) Wat doe je me aan! 2 The things you do to me! You're causing me much grief Doe je best! 2 [Do your best] - Give it your best! Waarom doe je dat? 2 3 Why do you do that? Why are you doing that? Zó doe je dat! 2 3 That's the way to do it
OEK	- Oekraïne ('Ukraine') - (het) boek 2 3 ('book') - (het) boekje 2 ('"small, little" book') - (het) boekweit 2 ('buckwheat') - (de) boekwinkel 2 3 ('bookstore') - (de) doek 2 ('cloth,' piece of fabric) - (de) handdoek 2 ('towel') - Doeke (a boys' name) - (de) hoek ('corner // angle') - Hoeks 2 (a family name) - om de hoek 2 3 ('around the corner') - driehoeken ('triangles') ‑>> - (de) eethoek 2 ('dining area') - rechthoekig 2 / rechthoekige 2 ('rectangular') - (de) koek 2 ('~cake') - (het) koekje ('cookie') - (de) kruidkoek 2 3 ('spice cake') - (de) koekoek 2 3 4 ('cuckoo') - Loek (a boys' name) - (de) vloek ('curse') - (de) snoek 2 ('pike' - a fish) - (de) roek ('rook' - a bird) - (de) broek 2 ('pants, trousers') ‑>> - zoek 2 ('gone, lost, not to be found, missing') - zoeken 2 ('to search, to seek') ‑>>
OEL	- 'n boel 2 (much, many, a lot') - 'n heleboel 2 (very much, very many, really a lot') - doel ('goal, objective') - (de) doelgroep 2 ('target audience') - doelbewust 2 ('purposeful,' focused on goals) - (de) foelie ('mace,' a spice) - krioelen 2 3 ('teeming, swarming, crawling') - koel 2 3 4 5 6 ('cool' - temperature only) - (de) koelkast ('fridge, refrigerator') - (de) poel 2 ('puddle') - (de) spoel 2 3 4 ('spool' - for winding string etc.) - Roel (a boys' name) - Roelof (a boys' name) - (de) stoel ('chair') - voelen 2 ('to feel') ‑>> - (het) gevoel / gevoelens 2 ('feeling'/'feelings' - irregular plural) - zwoel 2 / zwoele / zwoel/zwoele 2 ('sultry, sensual')
OEM	- (de) doem ('doom') - (de) bloem 2 3 ('flower' ‑>> // 'flour') - (het) bloemetje 2 ('small flower' // 'bouquet,' a bunch of cut flowers) - Bloemfontein / Bloemhof 2 (towns in South Africa) - (de) bloemkool 2 ('cauliflower') - (het) bloempje 2 ('small flower') - noemen 2 ('to call, name') - (de) poema ('puma, mountain lion') - (de) roem 2 3 4 ('fame') - beroemd ('famous') - Roemenië ('Rumania') - roemloos ('inglorious, no fame or renown') - toe maar! 2 ('don't exaggerate' // 'go ahead') - (de) ketoembar ('coriander' - a spice, a word from Malay)
OEN	- (de) oen 2 ('a stupid guy,' a person who habitually acts in a stupid way) Hij is een oen He is stupid - (de) boenwas ('polishing wax' for wooden floors) - doen 2 3 ('to do') ‑>> - uitdoen 2 3 (1. 'to turn off' - lights etc. 2. 'to take off' - clothes) - Bargoens 2 ('~slang') ‑>> - (de) hoen ('chicken') - (de) kampioen 2 ('champion') - (het) miljoen 2 ('million') - Koen 2 (a boys' name) - (de) watermeloen ('watermelon') - limoenen ('limes' - actually an old word for 'lemons') - (de) poen ('money' - slang) - (de) harpoen ('harpoon') - groen 2 3 / groene 2 3 4 ('green') - (de) groente ('vegetables') ‑>> - Groenland 2 (Greenland) - (het) fatsoen ('decency, good manners') - (de) schoenmaker 2 3 ([shoe repairman] - 'cobbler') - (de) schoen / schoenen ('shoe'/'shoes') - (het) schoentje 2 ('small, little shoe') - toen 2 3 ('then' // 'when') ‑>> - (het) katoen ('cotton') - (de) toename 2 ('increase') - (de) woensdag ('wednesday') ‑>> - (de) zoen ('kiss')
OEO	geen boe of bah 2 ['neither boo nor yuck'] - 'without a word'' Veel gedoe om niks 'Much ado about nothing'
OEOU	Hoe oud ben je? 2 3 'How old are you? What is your age?' Hoe oud ben je geworden? 2 'How old [have you become] are you now?' - Birthday
OEP	- (de) hoepel ('hoop') - (de) loupe (loep) ('magnifying glass') - floep! (exclamation about a quick movement or rapid development) - (de) sloep 2 3 ('sloop' - small rowboat) - (het) snoep ('candy') - (het) snoepje ('piece of candy') - (de) roep ('call, cry, shout') - roepen 2 3 ('to call' - by voice) - (de) roeping 2 3 ('calling, mission, vocation') - (het) beroep 2 3 4 ('job, occupation') - (de) groep ('group') - troepen 2 ('soldiers, military units') - (de) soep ('soup') - (de) stoep 2 3 4 ('sidewalk' - "stoop") - (de) Koepoort ('Cow Gate' - in city wall) - (het) soepvlees 2 ([soup meat] - 'stew beef')
OER	- oerdom 2 ('very stupid') - (het) oerwoud 2 3 ([primeval forest] - 'jungle') - (de) boer ('farmer') - (de) boerderij ('farm') - hoera! 2 ('hurrah, hurray, hooray') - (de) koers 2 ('course, direction, course') - (de) vloer ('floor, ~bottom') - loeren ('to leer') - jaloers 2 ('jealous') - (de) moer ('nut' - for bolt) - (het) moeras ('swamp') - (het) rumoer 2 3 4 ('hubbub' - many people shouting or muttering) - (het) snoer 2 ('cable, string') - (het) roer 2 ('rudder' - ship steering) - (de) broer 2 ('brother') - (het) broertje ('little brother') - beroerd 2 3 ('miserable, sick') - (de) beroerte 2 ('stroke' - old-fashioned - a more modern word is - (de) hersenbloeding 2 ('brain-hemorhage') - roeren 2 3 ('to stir, mix') - (het) roerei 2 ('scrambled eggs') - roerloos ('motionless' - living beings) - Roermond (a town) - Toerkonje (a town in Belgium - (het) toertje ('very small trip') - (het) voer / (het) veevoer ('feed, fodder' - food for animals) - Woerden 2 ('a town')
OES	- Does (a boys' name) - Doesburg (a town) - Goes (a town) - (de) hoes ('cover, sleeve') - (de) hoest ('cough') - Loesje 2 (a girls' name) - (de) bloesem ('bloom, blossom') - (de) moes ('pulp,' mashed food) - (de) smoes 2 3 ('fake excuse') - (het) smoesje ('fake excuse') - (de) poes ('cat') - (de) roes ('high,' intoxication) - (de) toeslag 2 3 ('premium, surcharge, extra payment') - (de) toespraak 2 ('speech, address') - (de) roest ('rust') - roestig 2 3 ('rusty') - Soest (a town) - (het) toestel ('machine, apparatus') - (de) woestijn ('desert')
OET	- Oeteldonk (Carnival name of the city of Den Bosch ) - (de) boete ('fine,' money punishment) - Doetinchem (a town) - (het) koetje 2 ('little cow') - (de) koets ('stagecoach') - (de) moet 2 3 ('dent,' - impression of print in paper) - hij moet 2 ('he has to, he should') - (de) snoet ('face' - snout) - (de) poet 2 3 ('loot' - slang) - (de) poets 2 ('practical joke, trick') - (het) roet 2 ('soot') - (de) groet 2 3 ('greeting') - [(het)] bankroet 2 ('bankrupt') - (het) toetje ('dessert') - (de) toets 2 3 ('key' of keyboard // 'test') - (het) toetsenbord 2 ('keyboard') - (de) voet 2 / voeten 2 ('foot'/'feet') - (het/de) voetbal ('soccer' // 'soccer ball') - zoet / zoete 2 3 / zoet/zoete 2 ('sweet') - (de) zoetigheid 2 3 ('sweets, candy'- sweet stuff') - (de) zoetwatervis ([sweet-] 'freshwater fish') - zoetzuur 2 3 ('sweet-sour' - pickles taste variety)
OEU	See French OEU - below
OEUI	Hij zie er moe uit He looks tired
OEV	- (de) rivieroever ('river bank') - boeven 2 ('criminals' - often jocular) - (de) hoeveelheid / hoeveelheden 2 ('amount'/'amounts') - hoeven ('hooves' // ‑>>) - droevig / droevige ('sad') - (de) steengroeve ('stone quarry') - proeven 2 ('to taste' // 'experiments') - schroeven ('screws' // 'to screw screws') - (het) toeval ('chance, coincidence') - toevoegen 2 ('to add') - zoeven 2 ('~to move quickly, to zoom, swish')
OEW	- hoewel ('although') Hoe werkt 't? 2 How does it work, how does it go, what's the mechanism? Hoe weinig we weten 2 How little we know
OEY	- Adriaan Boeyens 2 3 (Adrian VI, the first Dutch pope 1522-23)
OEZ	- (de) boezem 2 ('bosom') - doezelen 2 ('to snooze,' half-sleep) - hoezee! 2 ('hurrah!' - old-fashioned, formal) - hoezo? 2 3 ('How so? What do you mean?') - (de) jaloezie 2 ('envy') - smoezen (having informal, often somewhat questionable discussions) - snoezelen (a sensory stimulation therapy) ‑>> - poezen 2 3 ('cats')

OE	- oefenen 2 ('to practice') ‑>> - (de) oefening 2 ('exercise') ->> - Oegstgeest 2 (a town) - Oekraïne ('Ukraine') - (de) oen 2 ('a stupid guy,' a person who habitually acts in a stupid way) Hij is een oen He is stupid - oerdom 2 ('very stupid') - (het) oerwoud 2 3 ([primeval forest] - 'jungle') - Oeteldonk (Carnival name of the city of Den Bosch )
BOE	- (de) boef 2 / boeven 2 ('criminal'/'criminals' - often jocular) - (het) boefje 2 ('naughty boy') - (het) boegeroep 2 ('booing,' - audience shouting disapproval or contempt) - (de) boei 2 ('buoy') - boeiend 2 3 ('fascinating, gripping') - (het) boek ('book') - (het) boekweit 2 ('buckwheat') - (de) boekwinkel 2 3 ('bookstore') - 'n boel 2 (much, many, a lot') - 'n heleboel 2 (very much, very many, really a lot') - (de) boenwas ('polishing wax' for wooden floors) - (de) boer ('farmer') - (de) boerderij ('farm') - (de) boerenkaas (cheese made with raw milk) - (de) boete ('fine,' money punishment) - (de) boezem 2 ('bosom')
COE	- Coevorden 2 (a town - Vancouver, Canada is named after the Englishman George Vancouver whose family originally came from Coevorden - Jan Pieterszoon Coen 2 (an early governor of the Dutch East Indies)
DOE	- doe! ('do!') - (de) doedelzak ('bagpipes') - doe-het-zelf ('DIY, do-it-yourself') - (de) doek 2 ('cloth,' piece of fabric) - (de) handdoek 2 ('towel') - Doeke (a boys' name) - doel ('goal, objective') - (de) doelman ('goalkeeper' - usually the English word 'keeper' is used) - (het) doelpunt ('goal! // goal scored') - doeltreffend 2 ([goal-scoring] - 'effective') - (de) doem ('doom') - doen 2 3 ('to do') ‑>> - duur doen 2 ('showing off,' acting as if you're rich or important) - uitdoen 2 3 ('to turn off' - lights etc. // 'to take off' - clothes) - Does (a boys' name) - Doesburg (a town) - Doetinchem (a town) - doezelen 2 ('to slumber, half-sleep')
FOE	- (de) foedraal ('leather bag' for a tool) - foei! 2 ('bad!' - disapproval) - (de) foelie ('mace,' a spice)
GOE	- goed 2 / goede / goed/goede ('good, well, correct etc.) ‑>> - goedkoop 2 3 / goedkope 2 3 ('cheap, not expensive') ‑>> - Bargoens 2 ('~slang') ‑>> - Goeie gunst! 2 ('Good grief!') - goeiemorgen! 2 ('good morning! - colloquial for - goedemorgen - also: môhge 2 3 - goeie reis! 2 ('have a safe and nice trip!) - colloquial for - goede reis! - Goeree Overflakkee (an area in the province of Zuid Holland 2 - Goes (a town) - Hugo van der Goes 2 (a painter, ~1440 - ~1482) - also known as - Hugo van Goes
HOE	- hoe? ('how?') ‑>> Hoe doe je dat? How do you do that? - (de) hoed 2 ('hat') ‑>> - (de) vingerhoed (['finger-hat'] - 'thimble') - (de) voorhoede 2 3 ('vanguard') ‑>> - (de) achterhoede 2 ('rearguard') - (de) hoef / hoeven ('hoof'/'hooves' - horn on horses' feet) - see also - (het) hoefijzer 2 ('hoof iron' - horseshoe) - (de) hoefsmid 2 3 ([hoof smith] - 'farrier') - Hoegaarden (a town in Belgium and a beer brand) - Hoei (a town in Belgium) - (de) hoek ('corner // angle') ‑>> - Hoeks 2 (a family name) - (de) hoen ('chicken') - hoepla! 2 3 (an exclamation) - (de) hoest ('cough') ‑>> - (de) hoestbui 2 ('coughing fit') - hoeveel ('how much, how many?') ‑>> - (de) hoeveelheid ('amount, quantity') ‑>> - [niet/geen] hoeven ('don't need, not necessary, don't want, don't have to') ‑>> - hoewel ('although') ‑>> - hoezo? 2 3 ('How so? What do you mean?')
IEOE	The I in IOE is pronounced as Consonant-Y, Dutch J in - (het) pensioen ('pension') but is more often pronounced as English EE, Dutch Long I, IE: - krioelen 2 3 ('teeming, swarming, crawling') - (de) kampioen 2 ('champion') - (de) schorpioen 2 ('scorpion') - (het) visioen 2 ('vision')
JOE	- Joegoslavië - (het) miljoen 2 ('million')
KOE	(de) koe / koeien / koe/koeien 2 3 ('cow'/'cows' - irregular plural) - (de) koek 2 ('~cake') - (het) koekje ('cookie') - (de) kruidkoek 2 3 ('spice cake') - koel 2 3 4 5 6 ('cool' - temperature only) - (de) koelkast ('fridge, refrigerator') - (de) koelte ('coolth') - Koen 2 (a boys' name) - (de) Koepoort ('Cow Gate' - in city wall) - (de) koers 2 ('course, direction, course') - (de) akoestische gitaar 2 ('acoustic guitar')
LOE	- Loe (Lou) (a boys' name) - (het) bloed ('blood') - (de) bloeddruk 2 3 ('blood pressure') - (de) bloedgroep 2 3 ('blood group, blood type') - gloednieuw 2 3 ([glowing-] 'brand-new') - (de) vloed ('high tide') - (de) ploeg ('plow // team') - sloeg ('slapped, hit' - simple past singular) - vloeibaar 2 3 ('liquid') - Loek (a boys' name) - (de) vloek ('curse') - (de) bloem 2 3 ('flower' // 'flour') - floep! (exclamation: something happening quickly) - (de) sloep 2 3 ('sloop' - small rowboat) - jaloers 2 ('jealous') - (de) vloer ('floor, surface') - (de) bloesem ('bloom, blossom') - Loesje 2 (a girls' name)
MOE	- moe 2 3 4 ('tired') ‑>> - (de) moed ('courage') - (de) armoede 2 ('poverty') - moedwillig 2 ('deliberate') - (de) gemoedsrust 2 3 ('peace of mind') - vermoeid / vermoeide ('tired') - (het) rumoer 2 3 4 ('noise, hubbub, commotion') - moes ('something mashed') - (de) moestuin 2 ('vegetables garden, kitchen garden') - hij moet 2 ('he ~must') ‑>> - (de) mammoet ('mammoth') - smoezen (having informal, often somewhat questionable discussions)
NOE	- (de) gnoe 2 ('gnu,' "wildebeest") - genoeg ('enough') - knoeien 2 ('to spill' // 'to swindle, cheat') - (de) snoeischaar ('pruning clippers') - (de) snoek 2 ('pike' - a fish) - (de) kornoelje ('cornel' - a tree) - noemen 2 ('to call, name') - het noenmaal ("noon meal" - 'lunch' - very old-fashioned) - (het) snoep ('candy') - (het) snoer 2 ('cable, string') - (de) knoest ('knot' - in wood) - (de) snoet ('face' - snout)
POE	- "opoe" 2 ('great- grandmother' - children's language) - [(de)] spoed ('urgent,' 'urgency') - (de) poedel 2 ('poodle' - a dog) - (het) poeder ('powder') - (de) kroepoek ('deep- fried shrimp crackers - from Malay) - (de) poel 2 ('puddle') - (de) spoel 2 3 4 ('spool' - for winding string etc.) - Spoelstra 2 (a family name) - Swanepoel (a family name) - (de) poema ('puma, mountain lion') - (de) poen ('money' - slang) - (de) harpoen ('harpoon') - (de) poes ('cat') - poeslief 2 3 ('sweet as a cat' - insincere) - poetsen ('to polish') ‑>> - poezen 2 3 ('cats')
ROE	- (de) roe ('rod, a bundle of small twigs' - a punishment instrument) - troebel ('murky') - (de) gebroeders 2 ('brothers' - old-fashioned) - (de) wichelroede ('divining rod') - (de) vroedvrouw 2 3 ('midwife') - bedroefd / bedroefde 2 ('sad, sorrowful') - (de) droefenis 2 3 ('sadness, distress') - (de) droefheid 2 ‑>> ('sorrow, sadness') - (het) proefwerk 2 3 ('written test' - in secondary school) - (de) proef 2 ('experiment') - (het) proefje 2 ('small experiment,' usually chemistry practice) - (de) schroef / schroeven ('screw'/'screws') ‑>> - stroef ('stiff' - 'with difficulty, not easy' - not lubricated) - (de) kroeg ('~bar, ~café') - vroeg / vroege ('early') - vroeger ('earlier, sooner' // 'in the past') (de) wroeging ('remorse, feeling bad about past actions) ‑>> - (de) roeiboot ('rowboat') - roeien 2 ('to row') - (de) broeikas 2 ('hothouse') - (de) groei 2 ('growth') - groeien 2 3 ('to grow') - (de) roek ('rook' - a bird) - (de) broek 2 ('pants, trousers') - Roel (a boys' name) - Roelof (a boys' name) - (de) roem 2 3 4 ('fame') - beroemd ('famous') - roemloos ('inglorious, no fame or renown') - Jeroen (a boys' name) - (de) citroen 2 ('lemon') - groen 2 3 / groene 2 3 4 ('green') - Groenland 2 (Greenland) - (de) groente ('vegetables') ‑>> - (de) roep ('call, cry, shout') - roepen 2 3 ('to call' - by voice) - (de) roeping 2 3 ('calling, mission, vocation') - (het) beroep 2 3 4 ('job, occupation') ‑>> - (de) groep ('group') - troepen 2 ('soldiers, military units') - (het) roer 2 ('rudder' - ship steering) - (de) broer 2 ('brother') - beroerd 2 3 ('miserable, sick') - (de) roes ('high,' intoxication) - Kroes 2 (a family name) - (de) roest ('rust') - roestig 2 3 ('rusty') - (het) roet 2 ('soot') - (de) groet 2 ('greeting') - [(het)] bankroet 2 ('bankrupt') - proeven 2 ('to taste' // 'experiments') - (de) beproeving 2 3 4 ('challenge, test, hardship')
SOE	- (het) fatsoen ('decency, good manners') - fatsoenlijk 2 ('decent, according to good manners') - een kop soep 2 ('a cup of soup') - soepel 2 3 ('supple, flexible') - Soest (a town)
SCHOE	- (de) schoen / schoenen ('shoe'/'shoes') - (het) schoentje 2 ('small, little shoe') - (de) schoenmaker 2 3 ([shoe repairman] - 'cobbler')
TOE	- toe ('~towards // come on!') - toe nou! ('come on!') - (de) toegang 2 3 ('entry, entrance' // 'access') - stoeien 2 ('pretend-fighting with children) - (de) stoel ('chair') - toen 2 3 ('then' // 'when') ‑>> - (het) katoen ('cotton') - toepassen 2 3 ('to apply, put into practice') - stoep 2 ('sidewalk,' "stoop") - (het) toertje ('very small trip') - (de) toeslag 2 3 ('premium, surcharge, extra payment') - (de) toespraak 2 ('speech, address') - (het) toestel ('machine, apparatus') - (het) toetje ('dessert') - (de) toets 2 3 ('key' of keyboard // 'test') - (het) toeval ('chance, coincidence') - toevallig wel! 2 ("Just by accident" 'I happen to be right') - (de) toevoer 2 ('supply, provisioning')
VOE	- ondervoed 2 3 (underfed, malnourished') - voederen 2 ('to feed - animals) - (de) voeding 2 ('nutrition') - (het) voedsel ('food') - toevoegen 2 ('to add') - (de) toevoeging 2 ('addition') - (het) voorvoegsel 2 ('prefix') - (het) achtervoegsel 2 3 ('suffix') - voelen 2 ('to feel') ‑>> - aanvoelen 2 3 ('to sense,' to notice non-verbally, intuitively) - (het) gevoel / gevoelens 2 ('feeling'/'feelings' - irregular plural) - gevoelig 2 ('sensitive') - (het) voer / (het) veevoer ('feed, fodder' - food for animals) - (de) afvoer 2 ('drain') - (het) vervoer ('transportation') - (de) woordvoerder 2 3 4 ('spokesperson') - (de) vervoering 2 3 ('extasy,' "transport") - (de) voet 2 / voeten 2 ('foot'/'feet') - stapvoets 2 3 ('step-by-step, slow, measured')
WOE	- (de) woede 2 ('anger') - woedend 2 3 ('very angry') - woelen 2 ('to toss, turn about' // 'to churn, turn up' - soil) - (de) woelwater 2 ('fidget,' hyperactive child or person) - (de) woensdag ('wednesday') ‑>> - Woensdrecht 2 (a town) - Woerden 2 ('a town') - (de) woestijn ('desert') - zwoel 2 / zwoele / zwoel/zwoele 2 ('sultry, sensual') - zweren / zwoer / gezworen ('to swear / swore / sworn')
ZOE	- zoek 2 ('gone, lost, not to be found, missing') - zoeken 2 ('to search, to seek') ‑>> - (het) aanzoek ('marriage proposal') ‑>> - (het) bezoek 2 ('company' - one or more visitors) ‑>> - opzoeken ('to look up things, search for information' // 'to look up people, to visit') - (het) onderzoek 2 ('examination, investigation, research') - (het) verzoek 2 ('request') - (de) zoen ('kiss') - (het) seizoen ('season') ‑>> - zoet / zoete 2 3 / zoet/zoete 2 ('sweet')

French OU

Dutch OE

- (de) blouse ('shirt')

- (de) bougie ('spark

- (de) bouillon 2 ('broth')

- (het) bouillonblokje 2 ('beef cube')

- Ze zijn gebrouilleerd 2 3 ('They are

- coupletten ('verses'

- (de) coureur ('race car

- (de) courgette ('zucchini')

- (de) douche ('shower'

- ik douche 2 ('I'm taking

- fouilleren 2 ('to frisk,

- (de) gouache ('gouache')

-(de) gouverneur ('governor')

- (het) journaal ('TV News') ‑>>

- (de) journalist 2 ('reporter')

- Louis (boys' name)

- (de) loupe ('small

- (de/het) rouge

- (de) route ('route,

- (de) routine ('routine,

- (de) souffleur ('stage whisperer')

- (de) tournee 2 ('tour'

- (het) tournooi 2 ('tournament'

- (de) troubadour 2 ('troubadour,

- (de) zouaaf ('zouave'

- zouaven ('zouaves')

Greek OE

Dutch EU

- (het) oedeem ('edema,

- (de) foetus 2 3 ('fetus,'

- oecumenisch 2 3 ('ecumenical')

- Oedipus 2 3 (Greek

Dutch OE )

- oedipaal ('like Oedipus')

French OEU

U

- (het) oeuvre ('an artist's

- manoeuvre 2

manoeuvreren 2

(Dutch OE )

Compared with the Other Vowels and Diphthongs

A	- hoe lang? 2 3 ('how long?') - hoektand 2 3 ('[corner tooth] incisor') - broeikas 2 ('hothouse' - heated greenhouse) - moeras ('swamp') - woensdag ('Wednesday') - dagboek ('diary') - stapvoets 2 3 ('step-by-step, slow, measured') - bankschroef ('vise') - kalkoen 2 ('turkey') - lakmoes 2 ('litmus')
AA	- toestaan 2 ('to allow, permit') - toespraak 2 ('speech, formal address to an audience') - hoera! 2 ('hurrah, hurray, hooray') - bloedblaar 2 3 ('blood blister') - hoepla! 2 3 ('an exclamation') - nadoen 2 3 ('to imitate') - aanzoek ('marriage proposal')
E	- proefwerk 2 3 ('written test in elementary and secondary school') - hoe ver? ('how far?') - bloemperk 2 3 ('[flower area] flowerbed') - toestel ('machine, apparatus, gear') - hoewel ('although') - zwembroek 2 ('swimming trunks (men)') - pensioen ('pension')
EE	- soepvlees 2 ('[soup meat] stew beef') - schoensmeer 2 ('shoe cream, shoe polish') - hoezee! 2 ('hurrah! - old-fashioned) - preekstoel ([preaching, sermon chair] - 'pulpit') - veevoer ('fodder, animal feed') - smeerpoets 2 3 ('a person who's always dirty')
E-uh	- noemen 2 ('to call,' give a name // 'to mention, name') - groeten ('greetings // to greet') - groente ('vegetables') - moeder ('mother') - voedsel ('food') - beroep 2 3 ('occupation, profession, job') - gedoe 2 ('hassle, fuss, trouble,' "ado") - 'n boel 2 ('a lot, a large amount of') - beroemd ('famous') - verzoek 2 ('request') - genoeg ('enough')
I	- proefschrift 2 ('PhD thesis') - roeping 2 ('calling' - to an important task) - hoefsmid 2 3 ('farrier,' installer of horseshoes) - plicht roept 2 3 ('duty calls') - gifgroen 2 3 4 5 ([poison green] - 'very bright green') - miljoen 2 ('(a) million')
IE	- poeslief 2 3 ('sweet 'as a cat' - insincere') - foelie ('mace - a spice) - koetsier ('coachman, horse carriage driver') - citroen 2 ('lemon') - niet goed 2 3 ('not good, not well, bad')
O	- voetvolk 2 3 ('[foot people] foot soldiers') - oerdom 2 ('very stupid') - stofdoek 2 ('dusting cloth, dusting rag') - kom soep 2 3 ('a bowl of soup')
OO	- goed zo! 2 3 ('well done!' // 'Serves them right!') - hoezo? 2 3 ('[how so?] What do you mean?') - bloemkool 2 ('cauliflower') - roerloos ('motionless') - goedkoop 2 ('inexpensive, cheap') - voordoen 2 ('to show, demonstrate something') - kookboek ('cookbook')
U	- (de) bloeddruk 2 3 ('blood pressure') - (het) doelpunt ('goal! // goal scored') - (de) drukproef 2 3 ('galley,' test run of print)
UU	- zoetzuur 2 3 ('sweet-and-sour,' a taste of for instance pickles) - (het) rumoer 2 3 4 ('hubbub' - many people shouting or muttering) - duur doen 2 ('showing off,' acting as if you're rich or important)
AU/OU	- (het) oerwoud 2 3 ('[primeval forest] jungle') - toe nou! ('come on!') - (de) vroedvrouw 2 3 ('midwife') - (de) rouwstoet 2 3 ('[mourning] funeral procession')
EI/IJ	- woestijn ('desert') - roerei 2 ('[stir- egg] scrambled eggs') - boekweit 2 ('buckwheat') - proeftijd 2 3 ('trial period') - zoek zijn 2 3 ('to be gone, lost, cannot be found') - seizoen ('season') - mijn boek 2 ('my book') - hij vroeg 2 3 ('he asked')
EU	- (de) bloedneus 2 ('nosebleed') - (het) kleurboek 2 ('coloring book')
UI	- (de) hoestbui 2 ('coughing fit') - (de) moestuin 2 ('vegetables garden, kitchen garden') - (de) kruidkoek 2 3 ('~spice cake') - uitdoen 2 3 (1. 'to turn off' - lights etc. 2. 'to take off' - clothes)

Major Exceptions to the Phonetic Spelling of Dutch:
- Page 1:   een   -IG   -ISCH   -LIJK  
- Page 2:   -B   -D   SCHR   -TIE   UW   WR

Hear the Dutch Letters in Hundreds of Words:
 AU/OU  CH  E  EI/IJ  EU  F  G  H  L  OE  SCH  U  UI  W  X  Y

'Master Lists' of Dutch words: Dutch to English - English to Dutch

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Gij zult niet stelen 'Thou shalt not steal'