L in Dutch - Skip General Introduction

Pronunciation: Hear for Yourself

Adjectives in most positions get an -E  ending ‑>>
Several words appear twice on the page. I do not have an infinite number of recordings, and some combinations of letters are rarely or never found in Dutch.

Spelling and Pronunciation

• a double vowel is always 'long'
  (de) slaap ('sleep') - (de) vloot 2 ('fleet')
• a single vowel at the end of a word is always 'long' (except E)
  (de) sla ('lettuce') - (de) vlo 2 ('flea') - de 2 ('the' #1)
• a single vowel followed by one or more consonants at the end of a word is 'short'
  slap ('weak') - (het) vlot 2 3 ('raft')
• a single vowel followed by one consonant followed by another vowel is 'long.' (The syllables split is before the single consonant. This is somewhat like English 'silent E')
  slapen (sla-pen) ('to sleep) vloten (vlo-ten) 2 ('fleets')
• a single vowel followed by two or more consonants is 'short.' (The syllable break is between the consonants)
  slappe (slap-pe) ('weak') - vlotten (vlot-ten) 2 3 ('rafts')
  This rule 'works' for double consonants, but not always when the consonants are different
• The 'voiceless, unstressed E' (the 'schwa') is a problem ‑>>
• Diphthongs don't have 'short' and 'long' forms
• Vowels and diphthongs are a little longer when followed by R

mannen (man-nen) 2

(de) maan 2 ('moon')

manen (ma-nen) 2 3

'Long' and 'short' are traditional terms. The difference is actually more of tone than length
More about spelling and pronunciation - another version
Learn the Rules by Studying and Listening to Examples

Major Exceptions to the Phonetic Spelling of Dutch
- Page 1:   een   -IG   -ISCH   -LIJK  
- Page 2:   -B   -D   SCHR   -TIE   UW   WR

Hear the Dutch Letters in Hundreds of Words:
 AU/OU  CH  E  EI/IJ  EU  F  G  H  L  OE  SCH  U  UI  W  X  Y

'Master Lists' of Dutch words: Dutch to English - English to Dutch

 L in Dutch - Hear for Yourself

(de) L
L - L
Wat is er met m'n L? 2 What's (wrong) with my L? Toch iets mis met die L There is really something wrong with that L (de) el 'ell' - old length measurement. The Dutch el  is 69 cm (~27 inches) - the English ell is about 45 inches (115 cm)

Hear a few examples of Dutch L:
(het) Walhalla 2 3 4 'heaven, the afterlife' in Germanic mythology (de) alvleesklier pancreas
(de) luilak lazy person
luilekkerland 2 'The Land of Cockaigne' - mythical place of free, good food ellenlang 2 'terribly long' - length
in 2 lichterlaaie "burning hot, in full flame" Goejanverwellesluis a hamlet near Gouda - in 1787 the local militia stopped and detained the stadhouder's wife

Long ago, a student from Ukraine (Oekraïne ) told me the Dutch L is difficult for her. She suggested the last five of the lines below. This page is an upgrade of the page I made then. To me, Dutch L sounds very much like English L.
When I say the proper Dutch L, I put the tip of my tongue just above the top front teeth, or a little farther up against the palate; the tongue tip is widthwise slightly curled. When I put the tip of my tongue uncurled against my top front teeth or even between my front teeth, the L will be what I'd call 'fat' or 'lazy.' (I'll spare you the examples.)

leven en laten leven 2 live and let live Lekker lezen to enjoy reading, enjoying reading lekker lui liggen lezen enjoying a [lazy] relaxed read lap en leur bad, undesirable people lief en leed [love and suffering] (sharing) good times and bad lusten en lasten pleasures and [burdens] duties lijf en leden 2 [rump and limbs] - body listen en lagen 2 3 tricks and traps, ambushes Leiden in last [Leyden in trouble] - there is trouble' - usually said about people who exaggerate their problems klip en klaar clearly understood De laatste loodjes wegen het zwaarst the final stages of a job are the hardest

Leentje leerde Lotje lopen langs de lange Lindelaan Leentje taught Lotje walking [along] on the long Linden lane De leuke lolbroek lachte luid 2 The nice fun person was laughing loudly Lies is lastig en laat alles liggen Lies is a pain-in-the-neck and doesn't clean up Lichtgeel is Joliens lievelingskleur 2 Pale yellow is Jolene's favorite color De lieve leidsters liepen langzaam langs de Lindelaan The kind (female Kindergarten) teachers walked slowly along the Linden Lane

The 'first series' is grouped by the letter after the L's, the 'second series' is grouped by the letter before the L's:

- first series: LA-LZ - second series: AL-YL

the:  de 2 / het 2 3 - 't ->>
Plurals always take 'de'
a:  (een) - 'n / one:  één 2 3

Repeat the words after me, try saying them like I do, and record yourself or ask a friend to compare how you say them with how I say them. Try to bring your pronunciation of the words closer and closer to how I say them. Use as few or as many examples as you like.

LA	- (het) lab / (het) laboratorium ('lab, laboratory') - (de) lach ('laugh') - (de) ladder ('ladder') - laf 2 ('cowardly') - lag 2 3 ('lay' singular simple past tense of liggen 2 ('to lie down') ‑>> - (de) lak ('lacquer' - paint) - [(het)] lam ('lamb' // 'lame') - (het) land 2 3 4 ('country, land') - (de) lap ('piece' - of fabric or land) - (de) last 2 ('burden' // 'bother') - (de) lat ('slat' - small piece of wood) - (het) lawaai 2 ('noise') ‑>>
LAA	- (de) la / (de) lade 2 ('drawer') - (de) slaaf 2 ('slave') - [(de)] laag 2 3 4 ('low' // 'layer') - (het) laken 2 ('bedsheet') - Vlaams / Vlaamse 2 ('Flemish') - (de) laan 2 3 ('lane') - (de) slaap 2 ('sleep') ‑>> - Laren (a town) - (de) laars ('boot') - klaar ('ready') ‑>> - Klaas (a boys' name) - laat ('late, not in time') - (de) lava 2 3 4 ('lava,' molten rock from a volcano) - slaven 2 ('slaves') - wij lazen ('we were reading')
LAU	- (de) laurierblaadjes ('Bay leaves') - lauw 2 / lauw/lauwe 2 ('tepid,' - between cold and warm) - lauweren 2 ('laurels') - [(het)] blauw 2 3 ('blue') - blauwe 2 3 / blauw/blauwe 2 3 ('blue') - (de) blauwdruk ('blueprint') - (de) blauwe boon 2 ([blue bean] - crime fiction 'bullet') - (de) blauweregen ([blue rain] - blue-flower tree, looks like wisteria) - blauwkous 2 ('bluestocking') - blauw oog 2 ([blue] - 'black eye' - injury) - [(het)] blauwpaars 2 3 4 ('blue-purple, violet') - blauw zout ('blue salt') - flauw / flauwe 2 ('weak taste' - not enough salt? // '~not funny') - (de) flauwekul 2 ('nonsense') - flauwvallen 2 ('to faint') - klauw 2 ('claw') - bont en blauw 2 ([multicolored] - 'black and blue') - (de) Clauwaerts (Klauwaards) 2 (Medieval Flemish-independence group) - Laura (a girls' name) - Laurens (a boys' name)
LB	- (de) afvalbak ('garbage can') - haalbaar 2 ('feasible, can be done') - (de) ophaalbrug 2 ('drawbridge') - Elburg 2 (a town) - onvoorspelbaar 2 3 ('unpredictable') - heel binnenkort 2 3 ('very soon') - veelbelovend 2 3 4 5 6 ('promising, raising expectations') - prikkelbaar 2 ('irritable') - (de) adelborst ('navy cadet officer') - (de) appelboom 2 ('apple tree') - (de) zeilboot 2 ('sailboat') - Hilbrand (a boys' name) - Tilburg (a town) - ik viel bijna 2 ('I almost fell') - Alblasserdam (a town) - galblaas ('gall bladder') - (het) struikelblok 2 ('stumbling block') - (het) colbert 2 ('formal jacket for men - French, T not pronounced) - doelbewust 2 ('purposeful,' focused on goals) - (de) tulband ('turban')
LC	- (het) winkelcentrum ('shopping center, mall') - Walcheren 2 (former island in the province of Zeeland 2 ['Sea-land']) - (het) calcium ('calcium, Ca') - (de) alcohol 2 ('alcohol') - Eelco (a boys' name) See and hear K, S and G for similar sounds
LD	- (de) waldhoorn 2 3 4 ('French horn') - (het) saldo ('balance' - money) - aldus 2 ('so, thus') - (de) baaldag ('mental health sick day') - (de) daalder 2 3 (an old coin, f1,50) - (de) naald ('needle') - (de) naaldboom ('pine tree') - (het) staaldraad ('steel wire') - (het) geld ('money') - (het) geweld 2 ('violence') - de Schelde 2 (a river in Belgium) - helder / heldere 2 3 ('clear') - elders ('elsewhere') - (de) melding 2 3 ('report, reporting') - (de) selderie ('celery' - a bunch of leaves like parsley) - (het) beeld 2 ('statue' // 'image') - (het) voorbeeld ('example') - gedeeld door 2 ('divided by') - (de) wereld 2 ('world') - gemiddeld 2 ('average') - (het) gemiddelde 2 ('average') - geregeld 2 3 ('regular') - (de) dubbeldekker 2 ('double-decker' - bus, airplane) - ik metselde ('I was laying bricks') - (het) prikkeldraad ('electric wire') - (het) schild 2 ('shield') - (de) schilder 2 ('painter') - schilderen 2 3 ('to paint') - (het) schilderij 2 ('painting') - (de) schildpad ('turtle, tortoise') - (de) schildwacht 2 3 ('sentry') - gilden 2 ('guilds') - mild ('mild') - wild ('wild') - ik hield ('I held') - (het) veldleger ('field army') - 't gold 2 3 ('it was valid, it counted, it counted as') - (gold 2) - (de) soldaat ('soldier') - (de) polder 2 3 4 ('polder,' reclaimed land) - (de) zolder ('attic') - (het) foldertje ('flyer, small brochure') - doldriest ([crazy-bold] - 'beserk') - (het) kooldioxide ('carbon dioxide') - ik voelde de aarde beven 2 3 ('I felt the trembling of the earth') - ik voelde me katterig ([I felt] it felt like a hangover or the flu) - (de) schuld ('debt' // '~blame, ~fault') ‑>> - schuldig 2 3 ('guilty' // '~indebted') - (de) hulde 2 ('homage, praise, tribute') - (de) gulden ('guilder,' pre-Euro Dutch monetary unit and coin) - zorgvuldig 2 ('careful, with care and precision, meticulous') - (het) muildier 2 ('mule' - horse/donkey hybrid)
LE	- slecht / slechte 2 ('bad') ‑>> - (het) dialect 2 ('dialect') - (de) electriciteit 2 3 4 ('electricity') - (het) lef 2 ('courage,' "guts" - slang) - leggen ('to lay down') ‑>> - (het) beleg ('bread covering, sandwich filling' // 'siege') - de Lek 2 (a part of the River Rhine) - lekker 2 3 4 / lekker/lekkere 2 ('enjoyable, nice, delicious' or simply 'good' or 'well') - Lemmer (a town) - Haarlem (a town) - (de) lens 2 ('lens') - (de) lente ('Spring') - (de) klep 2 ('valve, flap, bill') - allergisch 2 ('allergic') - (de) les ('lesson') - lessen 2 ('lessons' // 'to slake' - thirst) - (de) Let 2 ('a Latvian')
LEE	- (het) leed ('suffering') - beleefd 2 ('polite, well-mannered') - leeg / lege 2 ('empty') - (de) leegte 2 3 4 5 6 ('emptiness') - (de) leek ('layman') - (de) lelie 2 ('lily') - lelijk 2 / lelijke 2 3 ('ugly') - (het) leem 2 ('loam') - Leen (a boys' name) - lenen 2 ('to borrow' // 'to loan') ‑>> - alleen ('only,' // 'alone') ‑>> - lepel ('spoon') - ik sleep ('I'm dragging, towing') - leer 2 ('leather' // 'doctrine') - (de) leest ('last,' shoemaker's tool) - (de) lever ('liver') - leven 2 ('to live, be alive') - Flevoland 2 (the new province of reclaimed land) - lezen 2 3 ('to read') ‑>>
LEuh	- stille ('silent') ‑>> - Vrouw Holle 2 (fairy tale character) - Holle Bolle Gijs 2 (fairy tale character) - (het) molecuul ('molecule') - (de) telefoon 2 ('telephone') - Hillegom 2 (a town) - Hilleke (a girls' name) - (de) handel 2 ('trade, commerce') - Willem (a boys' name) - willen ('to want, wish, desire, would like to') ‑>> - Heerlen (a town) - (de) dubbelepunt 2 ('colon,' " : ") - aller- 2 ('of all') ‑>> - alles 2 ('everything') ‑>> - (het) gilletje 2 3 ('little shriek') - (de) televisie ('television') - (de) wielewaal 2 ('golden oriole' - a bird) - in volle vaart ('at full throttle, ~high speed') - Holleweg 2 (a street name, 'Sunken Road') - de lege zee ('the empty sea') - alle hens aan dek! 2 3 ('all hands on deck!')
LEI	- (het/de) lei ('slate' // 'writing board') - (het) leitje ('old-fashioned slate writing board, writing with chalk, easily erased') - van een leien dakje / 't Gaat van een leien dakje ([Like a slate roof?] 'The job is going smoothly' (Maybe slate roofs were a radical improvement?) - (de) vallei ('valley') - allerlei 2 ('all kinds of things // all kinds of ..., various, miscellaneous') - de Leie (a river in Belgium - leiden ('to lead') ‑>> - (de) leiding ('leadership' // 'tube for liquid') - (het) porselein 2 ('porcelain, china') - klein 2 3 4 5 / kleine ('small, little') - leip ('cool, ~clever' - slang)
LEU	- (de) sleuf ('a dry ditch') - (de) vleugel ('wing' // 'grand piano') - (het) vleugje 2 ('whiff' - of perfume, for instance) - (de) leugen ('a lie') - leugens 2 ('lies') - leuk 2 3 4 5 / leuke / leuk/leuke 2 3 ('enjoyable, nice, pleasant, entertaining' // 'funny, amusing' // 'pretty, attractive') - (de) kleun ('a punch, a hit') - (de) souffleur ('stage whisperer' - French OU) - (de) kleur 2 / kleuren ('color'/'colors') ‑>> - kleurloos 2 ('colorless, pale, drab, bland') - (de) sleur 2 3 ('rut' - boring, bad routine) - Etten-Leur ('a village') - teleurgesteld 2 3 ('disappointed') - teleurstellend ('disappointing') - (de) teleurstelling 2 ('disapppointment') - (de) sleutel ('key' - lock/wrench/music - 'clef') - sleutels ('keys') - (de) kleuter ('a small child' - 4-6 yrs) - (de) leuze ('slogan')
LF	- half ('half') ‑>> - (de) zalf ('ointment, cream') - (het) kalf 2 3 ('calf') - (het) alfabet 2 ('alphabet') ‑>> - (het) kalfje 2 ('young calf') - twaalf ('12') - [(de)] elf ('11' // 'elf') - hetzelfde / (dezelfde ) ('the same') ‑>> - Delfland 2 3 (the area around the city of Delft 2) - (de) spelfout 2 3 ('typo, spelling mistake') - zelfs ('even') ‑>> - Delfshaven 2 ('Delft Harbor' - now part of Rotterdam ) - delfstoffen 2 ('minerals, mineral resources') - Delft 2 (a town) - (de) helft ('half') ‑>> - (het) elftal (sports team of 11 - for instance soccer) - zichzelf zien 2 3 ('seeing yourself') - veel fietsen ('do a lot of bicycling') - (de) schilfer 2 ('sliver') - (de/het) golf 2 ('wave' // 'golf' - the sport/pastime) - (de) wolf ('wolf') - Wolfheze 2 (a town) - (de) dolfijn 2 ('dolphin') - (het) wolfraam 2 ('wolfram, tungsten' - a rare metal)
LG	- (de) velg 2 ('rim' of a wheel) - zwelgen 2 ('to wallow, live immersed in dirt and misery' // 'to guzzle') - (de) wilg 2 ('willow' - a tree) - (het) gevolg ('result, effect, consequence') - edelgassen ('noble gases' - chemistry) - vulgair 2 ('vulgar' - French AI) - (het) wisselgeld ('small change') - (het) taalgebruik 2 ('usage, language use') - walgelijk 2 3 ('disgusting') - algemeen / algemene 2 3 ('general') - (de) volgeling 2 ('follower, disciple') - volgen 2 3 ('to follow') - volgend 2 ('next') - (de) opvolger ('successor') - (het) taalgevoel 2 3 ('linguistic sense, intuitive understanding of languages') - Belgisch 2 3 4 ('Belgian') - (het) speelgoed ('toys') - (de) doelgroep 2 ('target audience') - Helga (a girls' name') - Olga (a girls' name') - Bulgarije ('Bulgaria')
LH	- (het) Walhalla 2 3 4 ('heaven, the afterlife' in Germanic mythology) - winkelhaken ('carpenter's squares') - kielhalen 2 ('to keelhaul') - Rem Koolhaas (an architect) - welhaast 2 3 ('almost, well nigh' - old-fashioned) - Wilhelmina (a girls' name - also a former queen) - snelheden 2 3 ('speeds') - hoeveelheden 2 ('amounts') - (de) snelheid 2 ('speed') - (de) veelheid (['muchness'] - 'large amount, large number of') - (de) hoeveelheid ('amount') - (de) hondsdolheid ([dogs' craziness] - 'rabies') - koolhydraten 2 3 ('carbohydrates') - (het) doolhof ('maze, labyrinth') - volhouden 2 ('to persevere, carry on, insist') - (het) vogelhuisje 2 ('birds feeder')
LI	- (het) lichaam ('body') ‑>> - (het) licht ('light') ‑>> - licht / lichte 2 3 ('light' - not heavy // well-lighted) - (het) lid 2 ('member') - liflafjes 2 ('small, insubstantial pieces of food') - (de) lift ('elevator') - ik lig ('I'm lying down') - (de) ligging ('location, position') - likken 2 ('to lick' - tongue action) - Limburg (a province) - (het) linnen ('linen') - linker- 2 3 ('left-') - (de) straling ('radiation') - (de) leerling 2 ('student' - not at university) - de Linge (a river in Belgium) - Kralingen (a village) - (de) lip / lippen ('lip/lips') - (de) list 2 ('ruse, ~trick') - Lisse 2 (a town) - (het) litteken 2 3 ('scar, mark') - splitsen 2 3 ('to split, divide')
LIE	- (de) tralie ('bar' - on prison cell window) - (de) lelie ('lily') - (de) familie ('family, relatives') - (de) olie 2 ('oil') - jullie ('you/your' - plural informal) ‑>> - juli ('July') - (de) magnolia 2 ('magnolia, tulips tree?') ‑>> - leliaards 2 (pro-French Medieval fraction in Flanders) - (de) libel 2 3 ('dragonfly') ‑>> - [(de)] liberaal ('liberal' - classical) - (het) alibi 2 ('alibi') - (het) silicagel ('silicagel') - (het) silicium ('silicon, Si') - (het) sollicitatiegesprek 2 ('job interview') - Lida (a girls' name) - lieden 2 ('~guys') - (het) liedje 2 ('song') - maliën ('mail' - a type of Medieval armor) - oliën ('to oil, grease') - lief ('sweet, dear, kind') ‑>> - madeliefjes ('daisies') - (de) olifant ('elephant') - (de) vlieg ('fly') - liegen ('to lie, tell lies') - katholiek 2 ('catholic' - Roman) - kliekjes (saved leftover food) - (de) helikopter 2 ('helicopter') - [(het)] lila ('lila') - (de) milliliter ('milliliter, cc') - subliem 2 3 ('sublime, exalted, fantastic') - (de) alimentatie ('alimony') - (de) limiet 2 3 4 5 ('limit') - (de) limonade 2 3 ('lemonade') - (de) alinea 2 ('paragraph') - (de) liniaal ('ruler' - for straight lines) - (de) mandoline ('mandolin') - sliep ('slept' - simple past tense singular) - (de) scharensliep 2 ('knives and scissors sharpener' - old-fashioned) - (de) klier 2 3 ('gland' // 'annoying, disruptive person') - (het) formulier 2 ('form' - to fill out) - (de) vliering 2 ('attic' - with no walkable floor) - Lies 2 (a girls' name) - (de) zilvervliesrijst 2 ([silver husk] - 'brown rice') - (de) liter ('liter,' ~quart, ~4 cups) - (het) lithium ('Lithium, Li,' an element) - (de) vliet (a small stream) - lieve ('sweet, dear, kind') ‑>> - liever 2 3 ('dearer, sweeter' // 'rather' - preference) ‑>> - verliezen 2 ('to lose' - items or matches) ‑>> - wij bliezen 2 3 ('we blew' - air) In colloquial speech, the L of - (de) bibliotheek ('library') is not pronounced.
-LIG	The I of the ending -IG is pronounced as 'voiceless, unstressed E' (the 'schwa') - zalig ('blessed' // 'heavenly, delicious') - gelig ('yellowish') ‑>> - zielig 2 ('pitiable, to be pitied, sorry') - duizelig 2 ('dizzy') - gezellig 2 3 4 5 (untranslatable: '~pleasant, ~nice, ~enjoyable, ~gregarious, ~cosy') ‑>> more -IG examples
LIJ	- (de) glijbaan ('slide' - playground) - lijden 2 ('to suffer') ‑>> - blij / blije ('glad') ‑>> - (het) lijf ('human body' - slang) - vrijheid blijheid 2 ('freedom brings along, creates happiness') - gelijk 2 ('equal' ‑>> - vrijelijk ('freely, liberally') - see also LIJK and -LIJK below - (de) lijm ('glue') - (de) lijn ('line') - slijpen ('to hone' - knives) - lijst ('list' // 'picture frame') - (de) lijster ('thrush' - a bird) - slijten 2 ('to wear out' // 'to sell' // 'to pass the time') - lijven 2 ('bodies' - slang) LIJ see and hear also EI above
‑LIJK	In the ending -LIJK IJ is 'voiceless, unstressed E' (the 'schwa') - like A in AGO rijkelijk ([richly] 'abundantly') - verrukkelijk ('delicious') - ijselijk ([icely] 'dreadful, frightening') - gemakkelijk ('easy') - mogelijk 2 ('possible') - billijk ('reasonable' - bookish) - olijk ('droll, funny') - belachelijk 2 ('ridiculous') - walgelijk 2 ('disgusting') more words with the -LIJK ending
LIJK	Note that a few short words end in 'regular' LIJK with IJ-sound : - lijk ('dead body') - (het) blijk ('mark, evidence') - (het) slijk 2 ('mire, sludge') - gelijk 2 ('equal' - voiceless E 'ge-' prefix) - (de) gelijkheid ('equality') - gelijkwaardig ('of equal value') - soortgelijk ('similar') - more 'gelijk'
LJ	- (het) miljard ('billion') ‑>> - (de) straaljager 2 ('jet fighter') - (de) kabeljauw 2 ('cod' - a fish) - (het) bankbiljet ('banknote, bill' - paper money) ‑>> - (de) kornoelje ('cornel' - a tree) - stel je voor ... 2 ('imagine ...') ‑>> - zal jij ...? 2 3 4 ('will you ...') ‑>> - (het) miljoen 2 ('million') - (de) baljuw 2 ('bailiff' - Medieval law court official)
LK	- (de) balk / balken ('beam'/'beams' - wood) - elk / elke ('each') - (de) melk 2 ('milk') - (het) geelkoper 2 ('brass, yellow copper') - Eelke (a boys' name) - (de) veelkleurige roos 2 ('many-colored rose') - (de) Vogelkop 2 ('bird's head' - Western New Guinea) - (de) krielkip (a small chicken type) - Hielke (a boys' name) - tolk 2 ('interpreter') - (de) wolk 2 3 / wolken ('cloud'/'clouds') - (de) folklore 2 ('folklore') - (de) koelkast ('fridge, refrigerator') - zulk / zulke / zulk/zulke ('such') ‑>> - (de) schuilkelder 2 ([cellar-] 'bomb shelter')
LM	- (de) kalmte 2 3 (quiet, calm, serenity') ‑>> - (de) palm 2 3 / palmen 2 ('palm tree'/ 'palm trees') - (de) psalm 2 ('psalm') - (de) zalm 2 ('salmon') - (de) helm ('helmet') - Helmond (a town) - (de) edelman 2 ('nobleman') - (de) film 2 ('movie, film') - (het) schilmesje ('peeling, paring knife') - 't viel me niet op 2 3 ('I didn't notice it') - (de) Bijlmermeer 2 (Amsterdam neighborhood - originally a 'polder') - (de) olm 2 ('elm' - a tree - old-fashioned word) - volmaakt 2 ('~perfect') - (de) rolmops (a herring in vinegar wound around a pickle) - (de) doelman ('goalkeeper' - usually the English word 'keeper' is used)
LN	- walnoten 2 ('walnuts') - helemaal niet! 2 3 ('not at all!') - (de) kelner 2 ('waiter') - deelnemen 2 ('to take part, participate') - (het) vogelnestje 2 ('birds' nest') - (de) verzamelnaam 2 ('collective word') - hazelnoten 2 ('hazelnuts, filiberts') - ik wil niet meer 2 ('I don't want more' - food, drink // 'I don't want to go on') - (het) vuilnis ('garbage, refuse')
LO	- Arie Slob 2 (a politician) - (de) losse flodder 2 ('blank' - gunshot) - ploffen 2 3 ('to plop' // 'to pop, bang') - log ('hard to move, not nimble, cumbersome, sluggish') - (de) oorlog ('war') - (de) lok ('lock' - hair) - alom 2 ('all around, everywhere') - (de) ballon 2 3 ('balloon') - (de) long ('lung') - kloppen 2 ('to knock') - slordig 2 ('sloppy, careless' // '~good') - los / losse / los/losse 2 ('loose,' untethered, not connected) - (het) lot 2 3 ('lottery ticket' // 'fate') ‑>>
LOO	- Lobith (a town) - wij loochenen 2 ('we deny the truth of, we disclaim') - (het) lood 2 ('lead, Pb' - a metal) - (de) loodlijn ('perpendicular line,' "plumb") - (het) geloof 2 3 ('belief, religion') - (het) loog ('alkali, base') - wij logen 2 3 ('we lied') - analoog 2 ('analog') - vlooien 2 3 ('fleas') - (de/het) knoflook ('garlic') - sloom 2 3 / sloom/slome 2 ('lethargic, slow') - (het) loon 2 3 4 ('wages') - (de) loop 2 ('barrel' - of a gun // 'course' // 'run') - lopen 2 ('to walk') ‑>> - (de) looplamp ('mobile cabled light') - Floor (a girls' name) - (het) chloor ('chlorine, Cl' - an element) - draadloos 2 ('wireless') - loos alarm 2 ('false alarm') - (de) loot ('shoot' - new plant growth) - (de) sloot ('ditch') - (het) lover ('leaves, foliage' - old-fashioned) - beloven 2 3 4 ('to promise') ‑>> - Slowakije ('Slovakia' a country) - loyaal 2 ('loyal') - blozen ('to blush') - (de) 'toonloze E' ( 'toneless E' - the 'schwa' - what I usually call 'voiceless, unstressed E' ‑>> )
LOE	- (het) bloed ('blood') - (de) ploeg ('plow' // 'team') - vloeibaar 2 3 ('liquid') - bloeien ('to bloom, flower') - [(de)] kloek 2 ('sturdy' // 'alert' // 'brave' // 'mother hen') - (de) bloem 2 3 ('flower' ‑>> // 'flour') - lou loene 2 ('no result,' 'fuhgeddaboudit' - slang) - (de) sloep 2 3 ('sloop' - small rowboat) - (de) vloer ('floor, ~bottom') - (de) bloesem ('bloom, blossom')
LOU	- Jan Terlouw 2 (politician and author) - lou loene 2 ('no result,' 'fuhgeddaboudit' - slang) - Lilianne Ploumen 2 (a politician) - louter 2 ('~pure,' '~only') OU also see and hear AU above
LP	- balpennen ('ballpoint pens') - (de) staalplaat 2 3 ('steel plate') - helpen 2 ('to help, assist') - (het) knelpunt 2 3 ('bottleneck, chokepoint') - veel plezier! 2 ('have fun! enjoy yourself') - (de) langspeelplaat ('LP, long-playing vinyl record') - (de) orgelpijp 2 (pipe of organ) - (het) mantelpakje ('ladies' formal suit') - tsjilpen ('to chirp' - bird sound) - (de) mijlpaal 2 ('milestone') - (het) nijlpaard 2 ('hippo, hippopotamus' - [river Nile-horse]) - ik heb geholpen 2 ('I have helped') - (het) schoolplein ('schoolyard') - (het) doelpunt ('goal' - scored, in sports) - (de) tulp / tulpen ('tulip/tulips') - (de) vulpen 2 ('fountain pen') - (het) nulpunt 2 ('zero, zero point' // 'rock bottom') - (de) schuilplaats 2 3 ('hiding place')
LR	- alreeds 2 3 ('already' - old-fashioned) - Walraven 2 (a family name) - Waalre (a town) - Gelre 2 (old name of the province of Gelderland ) - (de) spelregel 2 ('game rule') - (de) zegelring 2 ('signet ring') - (de) trommelrem 2 3 ('drum brake') - (de) wichelroede ('divining rod') - wielrennen 2 ('bicycle racing') - (de) driewielrijder 2 3 ('tricyclist') - (de) koolrabi ('kohlrabi') ‑>>
LS	- als ('if' // 'when' // 'as a ...') ‑>> - vals / valse 2 ('false' // 'mean' - dog // 'off-key' - music) - (de) wals ('waltz' // 'steamroller') - Vaals (a town) - (de) Waalse Kerk 2 ('Walloon Church') - 't hiernamaals 2 3 ('the hereafter') - Els (a girls' name) - Elsloo (a town) - deels 2 3 ('partly, in part') - luidkeels 2 3 ([loud-throated] ' loudly, shouting, at the top of your voice') - (de) edelsteen ('precious stone') - [(het)] Engels / Engelse 2 3 ('English') - onheilspellend 2 ('ominous, presaging disaster') - (het) zeilschip ('saling, tall ship') - (de) stilstand 2 ('stagnation, stop') - (de) wilskracht 2 3 ('willpower') - (de) biels 2 3 ('railroad tie') - dikwijls 2 3 ('often' - old-fashioned) - Zijlstra 2 (a family name) - Bols 2 3 (a family name and a liquor brand) - (de) pols ('wrist') - Zwolse 2 (of the town of Zwolle 2 3 - (de) molshoop 2 3 ('molehill') - de Poolster 2 ('the North Star') - (de) koolstof ('carbon, C') - Spoelstra 2 (a family name) - (de) huls 2 ('casing, cover')
LT	- (de) alt 2 ('voice type') - altijd ('always') ‑>> - (de) maaltijd ('meal') - (het) verhaaltje 2 3 4 ('"little" story') - hij belt 2 3 ('he's ringing a bell' // 'he's on the phone') - smelten 2 ('to melt') - (het) eelt 2 3 4 ('callous, callusses' - hardened skin) - Neeltje (a girls' name) - (de) veeteelt 2 3 ('animal husbandry' - raising cattle) - Hasselt 2 (a town in Belgium) - (het) tegeltje 2 ('small tile') - (het) teiltje ('small zinc basin') - stil 2 / stille ('silent, quiet, no sound') - (de) stilte 2 ('silence') ‑>> - Tielt 2 (a town in Belgium) - (het) mobieltje 2 3 ('cell phone') - (het) bijltje ('small axe') - (de) volt 2 ('volt' - electricity unit) - (de) coltrui 2 ('turtleneck shirt or sweater') - (het) viooltje ('violet' - a flowering plant // 'small violin') - (de) koelte ('coolth') - doeltreffend 2 ([goal-scoring] - 'effective') - (het) multiplex 2 ('laminated board,' >5 layers) - (het) tumult ('tumult, disturbance, commotion') - (het) resultaat 2 3 ('result, consequence') - (het) vuiltje 2 3 ('speck of dirt')
LU	- (de) lucht ('air' // 'smell') - (het) luchtje ('bad smell' // '~something fishy') - vlucht ('flight // escape') - vluchten ('to flee // to escape') - bluffen 2 3 ('to bluff') - (het) geluk 2 ('luck' // 'happiness' - old-fashioned) - lukken 2 ('to succeed, be successful') - slurpen 2 ('to slurp, drink noisily') - (de) lus 2 ('loop') - blussen 2 ('to extinguish fire') - (de) lust ('lust, desire') - blut ('broke, out of money' - slang) - pietluttig 2 3 ('petty,' exaggerated attention to irrelevant details)
LUU	- (de) paraplu ('umbrella') - Lucas (a boys' name) - Lucie (a girls' name) - (de) lucifer ('match' - for fire) - lucifers ('matches') - ludiek 2 3 4 ('playful' - usually said about somewhat disruptive protests or actions) - Luuk (a boys' name) - (het) volume ('content,' 'capacity, volume') - (de) fluor ('fluorine') - (het) fluoride ('fluoride') - gluren ('to peek, leer,' watch secretly) - absoluut ('absolutely') - (het) plutonium ('plutonium') - (de) illusie 2 3 ('illusion') - (de) evolutie 2 ('evolution') - (de) revolutie 2 ('revolution') - (de) luxe ('luxury') - (de) luxaflex 2 ('miniblinds')
LUI	- [(de)] lui ('people' - slang // 'lazy') - luid ('loud') ‑>> - (de) kluif 2 ('bone' - for dog // 'a big job') - (de) luilak ('lazy person') - (de) pluim 2 ('plume') - (de) luis ('louse') - luisteren ('to listen') ‑>> - fluisteren 2 3 ('to whisper') - fluit ('whistle, // flute') - (de) kluit 2 ('clod,' a lump of earth) - (de) kluizenaar 2 3 ('hermit')
LV	- alvast 2 3 4 5 (~already, in advance, ~meanwhile') ‑>> - Alva 2 (Spanish governor of The Low Countries at the start of the Dutch Revolt) - behalve ('except for') - alvleesklier ('pancreas') - (de) welvaart ('prosperity') - delven ('to dig, to mine') - heel veel 2 3 ('very much, a lot') - (het) veelvlak 2 ('polygon') - (het) zilver 2 3 ('silver') - Hilversum (a town) - golven 2 ('waves') - wolven ('wolves') - (de) peulvrucht 2 3 ([pod-fruit] - 'legume, bean') - Sylvia (a girls' name) delven - dolf - gedolven 2 ('to dig - dug - dug')
LW	- volwassen ('adult, grown-up' ) - (de) volwassene 2 ('adult, grown-up person') - (de) wandelwagen 2 ('stroller' - carrying small children) - (de) bestelwagen 2 ('small delivery van') - (de) winkelwagentje 2 ('shopping cart') - (de) zeilwagen ('sailing cart') - koolwaterstoffen ('carbohydrates') ‑>> - (de) snelweg ('highway') - (het) bolwerk 2 3 ('stronghold,' - think of: 'bulwark' - also figuratively) - welwillend ('benevolent') - hagelwit 2 ('very white' - like hail) - (het) koolwitje 2 (a white butterfly) - Waalwijk 2 ('a town') - Muijlwijk (a family name)
LY	- (het) lyceum ('old secondary school type') - polypiep (["polysqueak"] - a fun word for styrofoam) - (de) katalysator 2 ('catalyst') analyseren 2 3 ('to analyze') - lyrisch 2 ('lyrical') - Lelystad ('a city')
LZ	- (de) balzaal 2 3 4 ('ballroom') - halzen 2 ('necks, throats') - alzo 2 ('in this way') - (de) omhelzing 2 3 ('embrace, hug') - veelzijdig ([many-sided - 'versatile') - veelzeggend 2 ([much-] 'telling') - (het) zwavelzuur ('sulphuric acid') - (de) doedelzak ('bagpipes') - heilzaam 2 3 ('beneficial') - stilzitten 2 3 ('to sit still' - immobile or idle) - (het) kielzog 2 3 4 5 6 7 ('wake,' whitewater "trail" of a boat or ship) - gulzig 2 ('feeling an eager, almost compulsive urge to eat')

AL	- al 2 / alle ('all, every') ‑>> - als ('if/when') ‑>> - (de/het) bal ('ball') - (het) calcium 2 ('Calcium, Ca') - calorieën 2 ('calories') ‑>> - (de) gal 2 ('gall') - nogal 2 ('rather, quite') - (de) hal 2 ('hall') - (het) halletje 2 ('hallway' - a very small room between the front door and the rest of the house) - jaloers 2 ('jealous') - sjalotjes 2 ('shallots') - (de) kalk 2 3 ('plaster, lime, chalk, Calcium') - (de) kalkoen 2 3 4 ('turkey') - 't heelal 2 3 ('the universe') - [(de)] mal ('template' // 'crazy, silly' - old-fashioned) - smal 2 / smalle / smal/smalle ('narrow') - Ronald (a boys' name) - knallen 2 ('to bang,' - make that noise) - zoals 2 ('like, as') ‑>> - pal ('firm, steady' - standing, holding) - overal 2 ('everywhere') ‑>> - vooral ('especially') - (de) salamander ('salamander') - (de) salade ('salad') - (de) psalm 2 ('psalm') - (het) getal 2 3 / getallen 2 ('number/numbers') - (de) stal 2 ('stable, pen'- animal housing) - (de) val ('a trap' // 'a fall') - vallen ('to fall') ‑>> - vals ('false' // 'mean' - dogs) // 'off-key' - music) - (de) wals ('waltz' // 'steamroller' - (de) wal 2 ('big wall' // 'quay') - zal 2 ('shall/ will' - singular) - (de) zalf ('cream, ointment') - zalven 2 ('to apply cream' // 'to anoint')
AAL	- (de) aal ('eel' - a snake-like fish) - Aalst (a town in Belgium) - (de) baal 2 ('bale' - hay) - (het) kabaal 2 ('noise') - (de) baaldag (mental health sick day) - dalen ('valleys' // 'to descend') - (het) schandaal 2 3 4 ('scandal') - (de) daalder 2 3 (an old coin - f1.50) - falen 2 3 4 ('to fail, not succeed') - (het) verhaal 2 ('story') - haalbaar 2 ('feasible, really possible') - asociaal ('anti-social, ~egocentric') - (het) socialisme ('socialism') - (het) dialect 2 ('dialect' - regional speech) - kaal / kaal/kale ('bald') - (het) maal 2 ('meal' // 'x - times') ‑>> - (het) kanaal ('channel') - Het Kanaal 2 ('The Channel') - (de) naald ('needle') - (de) coalitie 2 3 ('coalition') - (de) paal 2 ('pole, large stick, stake') - (de) palet 2 3 ('palette') - (de) admiraal 2 ('admiral') - (de) salie ('sage,' a mild herb) - Jan Salie 2 (a person without initiative or energy - old-fashioned) - (de) taal 2 3 / talen ('language'/'languages') - (het/de) staal ('steel' // 'fabric sample') - vaal ('faded, dull, drab') - Transvaal (an area in South Africa) - Vaals (a town) - Waal 2 / de Waal 2 (a river) - (de) zaal ('hall, large room') - (de) eetzaal 2 3 ('dining hall')
AUL	- Paul 2 (a boys' name) - Paula (a girls' name') - Paulette (a girls' name') - Paulien (a girls' name') - Paulus (a boys' name)
BL	- blauw 2 3 ('blue') - blad ('leaf') ‑>> - blaffen 2 ('to bark' - dogs) - (de) blaar 2 ('blister') - blèren 2 ('ugly singing') - bleek 2 ('pale') - (het) probleem 2 3 ('problem') - (de/het) blik ('tin, tinplate' // 'a tin can' // 'a look') - alstublieft ('please' a.o.) ‑>> - (de) republiek 2 ('republic') - subliem 2 3 ('sublime') - (het) blijk ('mark, evidence') - blondine 2 ('blonde' - girl) - bloosde ('blushed' - simple past tense singular) - (de) bloem 2 3 ('flower' // 'flour') - bluffen 2 3 ('to bluff') exception: the L in (de) bibliotheek ('library') is usually dropped (and the H of its TH is never pronounced)
CL	- (de) reclame 2 ('advertizing') - Clauwaerts (Klauwaards) 2 (Medieval pro-independence Flemish fraction) - (de) Inclenberg (a hill in old New York - now Murray's Hill) - (de) cliënt ('client, customer') - Clovis (a boys' name, Frankish king) - (de) club 2 3 ('club, association') - (het) chloor ('chlorine, Cl')
DL	- (het) veldleger ('field army') - (de) hoofdletter ('capital, uppercase letter') - (de) grondligging 2 ('root position' - music) - loodlijn ('perpendicular line') - draadloos 2 ('wireless') - hardlopen 2 3 ('to run') ‑>>
EL	- (de) el ('old length measurement, 69cm') - Ellen (a girls' name) - elleboog 2 ('elbow') - (de) ellende ('misery') - ellenlang ('terribly long' - length) - (de) bel ('bell' - not church) - (de) tabel 2 ('table' - lists in columns) - (de) cel 2 ('cell') - Celsius ‑>> - Delft 2 (a town) - (de) delta 2 3 ('delta') - fel ('fierce, energetic') - (de/het) gel (French G) ('gel') - (het) geld ('money') - [(de)] hel ('hell' // 'very bright' - light) - (de) helm ('helmet') - help! 2 ('help me!') - (de) kelder 2 ('cellar') - melk 2 ('milk') ‑>> - (de) melding 2 3 ('report, reporting') - Nel (a girls' name) - (het) knelpunt 2 3 ('bottleneck, chokepoint') - (de) pels 2 ('fur') - (het) spel ('game') - speld ('pin') - (de) rel ('row, disturbance') - (de) forel ('trout') - Selma 2 3 (a girls' name) - (het) hotel ('hotel') - vertel! ('do tell!') - tellen 2 ('to count') - (het) velletje 2 ('skin' - thin, like on milk or around sausage) - (het) vel ('skin') - vervellen 2 ('to shed skin') - (het) veld ('field') - wel (positive amplifier) ‑>> - (het) geweld 2 ('violence') - welk 2 / welke 2 ('which') ‑>> - zelf ('self') - (de) gezel ('companion, assistant')
EEL	- Eelde 2 3 (a town) - (het) eelt 2 3 4 ('callous, callusses' - hardened skin) - (het) beeld 2 ('statue' // 'image') - (het) deel 2 ('part') - [(het)] geel 2 3 ('yellow') - heel 2 ('very' ‑>> // 'whole' // 'heal') - (de) keel ('throat') - (het) meel 2 ('flour') - Neeltje (a girls' name) - (de/het) kaneel ('cinnamon') ‑>> - de Peel 2 (an area in the South of The Netherlands) - (de) minstreel 2 3 4 ('troubadour') ‑>> - (de) penseel 2 ('small paintbrush') - (het) kasteel 2 3 ('castle') - (de) veeteelt 2 3 ('animal husbandry' - raising cattle) - veel 2 3 ('much/many') ‑>> - (de) weelde 2 ('luxury') - Scherpenzeel (a town)
EuhL	- (de) heibel ('trouble, fuss, strife' - slang) - dubbel ('double') - (de) kachel ('heater') - (het) zadel 2 ('seat' - on bike or horse) - (de) tafel 2 3 4 ('table' - to sit at) - (de) egel ('hedgehog') - (de) engel ('angel') - [(de)] enkel ('ankle' // 'only, single' ‑>> - (de) hemel ('heaven' // 'sky') - Remmelt (a boys' name) - (de) tunnel 2 3 4 ('tunnel') - (de) drempel ('threshold') - (de) lepel ('spoon') - (de) deksel ('lid') - (de) gesel ('whip, scourge') - (het) mengsel ('mixture') - (de) zetel ('big chair' - old-fashioned // 'seat' - in parliament) - wervels ('disks' - backbone) - (de) gevel 2 ('gable' - house front top) - (het) gewauwel 2 3 ('annoying, boring talk') - (de) ezel 2 ('donkey') - (de) ijzel 2 ('rain that freezes when it hits the ground')
EIL	- (het) onheil 2 3 ('disaster, doom,' bad things) - heilzaam 2 3 ('beneficial,' good for health) - (het) peil ('level') - (de) teil ('zinc basin') - (het) teiltje ('small zinc basin') - veil ('of no value' - very old-fashioned) - (de) dweil 2 ('rag for wet-cleaning floors') ‑>> - (het) zeil ('sail, tarp' // 'linoleum') - (de) zeilboot 2 ('sailboat') - (het) zeilschip ('sailing ship,' "tall ship")
EUL	- (de) beul ('hangman, executioner') - geul ('ditch, channel') - Verheul 2 3 (a family name) - Meulebeke (a town in Belgium) - Keulen ('Köln, Cologne') - smeulen 2 ('to smolder, burn slowly' - fire) - peul 2 ('a pod' - peas, beans) - (de) peulvrucht 2 3 ('[pod- fruit] - 'legume, ~bean') - veulen ('a foal, young horse') - zeulen ('to carry with difficulty or displeasure')
FL	- Delfland 2 3 (the area around the city of Delft 2) - Hofland (a family name) - Lijfland 2 ('Livonia,' - Medieval name, ~Latvia & Estonia) - (de) inflatie 2 3 (inflation) - flauw / flauwe 2 ('weak of taste' - not enough salt? // '~not funny') - flauwvallen 2 ('to faint') - (de) fles ('bottle') - (het) flesje 2 ('small bottle') - (de) reflex 2 ('reflex') - Flevoland 2 ('Flevoland' - the new province of reclaimed land) - (de) souffleur ('stage whisperer' - French OU) - (het) conflict 2 ('conflict') - flink 2 3 (firm, robust') - Flip (a boys' name) - (de) losse flodder 2 ('blank' - gunshot) - Floor (a girls' name) - (de) Florijn 2 ('Florin,' a Medieval gold coin) - floep! (exclamation about a quick movement or rapid development) - (het) fluor 2 3 ('fluoride, F') - (het) fluweel ('velvet') - (de) fluit ('flute, whistle') ‑>> fluiten - floot - gefloten 2 to whistle - whistled - whistled
GL	- glad / gladde ('slippery') - (het) glas 2 ('glass' // 'a glass') - glazen ('glasses' - for drinking // 'made of glass') - glas / glazen ('glass' / 'glasses') - (het) glaasje ('small glass') - (de) gladiool/gladiolen ('gladiolus/gladioli' - a flower) - (het) ooglid 2 3 ('eyelid') - (de) glimlach 2 3 ('smile') - (de) glijbaan ('slide') - glijden 2 ('to slide') - gloednieuw 2 3 ([glowing-] 'brand-new') - gluren 2 ('to leer,' watch secretly)
IL	- (de) bil / billen 2 ('buttock'/'buttocks') - Bilderberg (an estate near the city of Oosterbeek ) - Dillenburg 2 (a town in Germany, original home of the Dutch royal family) - (de) krokodil ('crocodile') - film 2 ('movie, film') - (de) gil 2 3 ('shriek') - Hilversum (a town) - kil ('chilly') - Kats Kill 2 ('cats' river' or: '(Mr) Kaat's creek' - old New York, now: 'the Catskills') - Schuylkill ('hidden 'river' - old New York) - mild 2 3 ('mild') - mijoen 2 ('a million') - miljard ('a billion') - (de) pil 2 3 ('pill') - (de) spil 2 3 ('pivot, axis') - april ('April') - (de) bril ('glasses, spectacles') - (de) gorilla 2 ('gorilla') - (de) schil ('peel, skin') - (het) schild 2 ('shield') - schril 2 ('shrill') - (de) tilde 2 3 ('tilde,' '~') - Tilburg (a town) - (het) vilt ('felt') - Vilvoorde 2 (a town in Belgium) - (de) wil ('will, wishes') - wild ('wild') - (de) wilg 2 ('willow') - (het) zilver 2 3 ('silver')
IEL	- iel ('small, puny, thin') - (de) biels 2 3 ('railroad tie') - stabiel 2 ('stable, constant') - Ceciel/Cecile (a girls' name) - Michiel (a boys' name) - (de) hiel ('heel' - foot tendon) - Hielke (a boys' name) - tjilpen / tsjilpen ('to chirp' - bird sound) - (de) kantjil ('miniature deer' - mythical? - Indonesia) - (de) kiel ('keel' - ship bottom) - Emiel/Emile 2 (a boys' name) - seniel 2 ('senile') - steriel 2 ('sterile') - Den Briel 2 (a town) - (de) krielkip (a small chicken type) - Tiel 2 (a town) - subtiel 2 ('subtle') - viel ('fell' - simple past singular) ‑>> - (het) wiel 2 ('wheel') - (de) ziel ('soul')
IJL	- ijl 2 3 4 ('thin' - air) - ijlen 2 3 ('to hurry' // feverish nonsense-talking) - (de) ijlbode 2 ('courier, express messenger' - old-fashioned) - IJlst 2 (a town) - (de) bijl ('axe') - (de) strijdbijl 2 ('battleaxe') - (de) mijlpaal 2 ('milestone') - (het) nijlpaard 2 ('hippo, hippopotamus' - [river Nile horse]) - (de) pijl 2 ('arrow') - (de) stijl ('style') - (de) vijl ('file' - a tool for smoothing or shaping) - terwijl 2 ('while') ‑>> - Delfzijl (a town) - Zijlstra 2 (a family name) IJ also hear and see EI above
KL	- (de) klant ('customer') - (de) klank ('sound') - klaar 2 ('ready') ‑>> - (de) klaver 2 3 ('clover' // 'clubs' - cards) - (de) klauw 2 ('claw') - klef 2 3 / kleffe 2 3 ('sticky') - (de) klep 2 ('valve, flap') - (de) klemtoon 2 ('emphasis, stress' - in a word) - kletsnat 2 ('sopping wet') - (het) kleed ('rug') - kleren ('clothes, clothing') - kleverig / kleverige 2 ('sticky') - (de) klei ('clay') - klein 2 3 4 5 / kleine ('small, little') - (de) kleun ('punch, hit') - (de) kleur 2 ('color') - (de) veelkleurige roos 2 ('many-colored rose') - (de) klikjes ('clicks') 2 3 4 - klimmen 2 ('to climb') - (de) klinker / klinkers ('vowel'/'vowels') - kliekjes ('leftover food' - to be eaten) - (de) kliniek 2 ('clinic') - (de) klier 2 3 ('gland' // 'annoying, disruptive person') - (de) klok ('clock') ‑>> - (de) klomp 2 ('clog,' wooden shoe) - kloppen 2 ('to knock') - Eeklo (a town in Belgium) - (het) klooster ('monastery') - (de) folklore 2 ('folklore') - [(de)] kloek 2 ('sturdy' // 'alert' // 'brave' // 'mother hen') - (de) klus 2 ('job, task, piece of work') - (de) kluwen ('skein' - ball of wool thread) - (de) kluif 2 ('bone' - for dog // 'a big job') - (de) kluit 2 ('clod,' a lump of earth)
ML	- (de) glimlach 2 3 ('smile') - omlaag 2 ('down, downwards') - Hans Memling 2 (painter, c. 1439-1494) - pronounced more like in German: - Hans Memling 2 - (het) zeemleer ('chamois' - for wiping wet windows) - roemloos ('inglorious, no fame or renown') - (de) bodemloze put 2 3 ('bottomless pit')
NL	- (de) toonladder 2 ('scale' - music) - Groenland 2 (Greenland) - het buitenland 2 ("abroad" - the world outside Holland (and Belgium)) - (de) buitenlander 2 3 4 ('foreigner') - onlangs 2 3 ('not so long ago,' "the other day") - (de) samenleving 2 ('society, community') - (de) inleiding 2 ('introduction, preface') - (het) maanlicht 2 3 ('moonlight') - (de) tegenligger 2 3 4 5 (['lying-against'] - 'oncoming traffic') - (de) bovenlip 2 ('upper lip') - waarschijnlijk 2 ('probably') ‑>> - eigenlijk 2 ('~actually') ‑>> - Venlo (a town) - (de) aanloop ('run up' - before a jump) - zinloos 2 ('pointless, of no use')
OL	- Olle 2 / Ollie (boys' nicknames - short for - Olivier 2 ) - (de) bol ('globe, sphere') - (het) bolletje 2 ('small globe, small sphere' - also a rusk brand) - (de) collecte 2 3 ('collection' - money gifts gathering) - (de) dolk 2 ('dagger') - (de) folder ('brochure') - (het) foldertje ('flyer, small brochure') - (de) golf 2 / golven 2 / golf/golven 2 ('wave'/'waves') - [(het)] hol 2 ('hollow // a lair') - (de) Holleweg 2 (a street name - 'sunken road') - (de) jol ('yawl,' a ship type) - Jolke (a girls' name) - (de) draaikolk 2 ('maelstrom, vortex') - Lolle 2 (a boys' name) - (de) mol 2 3 4 ('mole'') - (de) molshoop 2 3 ('molehill') - (het) turfmolm ('peat dust') - Nol (a boys' name) - (de) knol ('tuber, turnip, root') - (het) knollenveld 2 3 ('field growing turnips') - (de) polder 2 3 4 ('polder' - reclaimed land) ‑>> - (de) pols ('wrist') - (de) rollator ('rollator walker') - (de) roltrap 2 ('escalator') - (de) soldaat ('soldier') ‑>> - (het) sollicitatiegesprek 2 ('job interview') - (de) tol 2 ('toll' // 'spinning top' - toy) - (de) tolk 2 ('interpreter' - live) - overtollig ('superfluous, surplus') - vol / volle 2 ('full') - overvol 2 3 4 5 ('overfull' - too full!) - (de) wol ('wool') - wollen 2 ('woollen,' made of wool) - wolk / wolken ('cloud'/'clouds') - (de) zolder ('attic') ‑>>
OOL	- (de) olie 2 ('oil') - (het) symbool 2 ('symbol') - (de) cholera 2 ('cholera') - (de) psycholoog 2 ('psychologist') - (de) school ('school') - (de) doolhof ('maze') - condoleren 2 3 ('to offer condolences, express sympathy') - (de) aureool ('halo, nimbus') - (de) geoloog ('geologist') - holen 2 3 ('lairs') - (de) holenmens 2 ('cave man') - (de) bioloog ('biologist') - (het) riool 2 ('sewer') - (de) viool ('violin') - Jolanda (a girls' name) - jolig 2 3 ('~jolly') - (de) kool 2 ('cabbage') ‑>> - kolen 2 ('coal') - (de) koolstof ('carbon, C') - (de) molen 2 ('windmill' // 'rotating machine') - (het) molentje 2 3 ('little mill' - things like kitchen gadgets that need to be turned) - (de) magnolia 2 ('magnolia' - a tree) - (de) pool ('pole') - de Poolster 2 ('the North Star') - de Noordpool 2 ('the North Pole') - controleren 2 3 ('to check') - (de) petroleum 2 (engineers' crude oil) - (de) petroleum "puhtroleum" 2 (the everyday cheap fuel) - vrolijk ('cheerful, merry') - (de) solist 2 3 ('soloist') - solide 2 3 ('solid' - 'firm, stable, massive') - absoluut gehoor ('perfect pitch' - hearing) - (het) pistool ('pistol') - (de) tolerantie ('tolerance') - Tholen ‑>> (a former island in the province of Zeeland 2) - (het) volume (volume') - (de) evolutie 2 ('evolution') - Flevoland 2 (the new province of reclaimed land) ‑>> - (de) zool ('sole' - bottom of shoe or foot) verschuilen - verschool - verscholen ('~to hide - hid - hid')
OEL	- 'n boel 2 (much, many, a lot') - 'n heleboel 2 (very much, very many, really a lot') - doel ('goal, objective') - (de) foelie ('mace,' a spice) - krioelen 2 3 ('teeming, swarming, crawling') - koel 2 3 4 5 6 ('cool' - temperature only) - (de) koelkast ('fridge, refrigerator') - (de) poel 2 ('puddle') - (de) spoel 2 3 4 ('spool' - for winding string etc.) - Roel (a boys' name) - Roelof (a boys' name) - (de) stoel ('chair') - voelen 2 ('to feel') ‑>> - (het) gevoel / - gevoelens 2 ('feeling'/'feelings' - irregular plural) - zwoel 2 / zwoele / zwoel/zwoele 2 ('sultry, sensual')
OUL	- lou loene 2 ('no result,' 'fuhgeddaboudit' - slang) OU also see and hear AU above
PL	- (het) plan / plannen 2 ('plan'/'plans') - (de) plank 2 ('board') - plat 2 / platte 2 3 ('flat' // 'vulgar') ‑>> - hoepla! 2 3 (an exclamation) - (het) plaatstaal 2 ('plate steel') - (de) staalplaat 2 3 ('steel plate') - (het) exemplaar 2 3 4 ('specimen, ~copy') ‑>> - (de) plek 2 ('spot, place') - opletten 2 3 ('to pay attention') ‑>> - (het) pleegkind ('foster child') - compleet ('complete, full') - (de) verpleegster 2 3 'nurse' - female) - (het) plezier ('fun, enjoyment') ‑>> - (het) pleidooi 2 3 ('plea speech') - (het) plein 2 ('square' - open area in a city) - (de) plicht 2 ('duty') - splinters 2 3 ('splinters') - splitsen 2 3 ('to split, divide') - splijten 2 ('to split') - (de) splijtstof 2 ('fissile material') - plotseling ('suddenly') - plotselinge 2 ('sudden') - ploffen 2 3 ('to plop' // 'to pop, bang') - (de) ontploffing ('explosion') - (de) explosie 2 ('explosion') - (het) diploma 2 ('diploma, certificate') - (de) ploeg ('plow' // 'team' - old-fashioned) - plus ('plus' - addition) - (het) plutonium ('plutonium') - (de) paraplu ('umbrella') - paraplu's 2 ('umbrellas') - (het) parapluutje 2 ('small umbrella') - (de) pluim 2 ('plume') - (het) pluimvee 2 ([plumed cattle] - 'poultry, farm birds')
RL	- (de) haarlak ('hairspray') - verlamd 2 ('paralyzed') - Nederland 2 3 ('Holland') ‑>> - (de) Nederlander 2 ('Dutchman, Dutch person') - (het) verlangen 2 ('longing, desire') - (de) overlast 2 3 4 ('inconvenience') - Carla (a girls' name) - (de) nederlaag ('defeat') - scharlaken 2 3 ('scarlet') - achterlaten 2 ('to leave behind') - Haarlem (a town) - (het) overleg 2 ('discussion, consultation') - verlengen 2 3 ('to extend' - [maker longer]) - Heiligerlee (a village - 1568 historical battle) - Marleen (a girls' name) - [(het)] verleden ('past') - verlegen 2 3 4 ('shy') - Heerlen (a town) - allerlei 2 ('all kinds of things // all kinds of ..., various, miscellaneous') - luilekkerland 2 ('Cockaigne' - mythical place of free, good food) - (de) verleiding 2 3 ('temptation') - (het) weerlicht ('distant lightning flash') - (de) verlichting 2 3 ('lighting' // 'enlightment') - (de) leerling 2 ('student' - not university) - (de) onderlip 2 ('lower lip') - Marlies 2 (a girls' name) - verliefd ('in love') ‑>> - Berlijn ('Berlin') - [(het)] overlijden 2 3 ('passing away') ‑>> - deerlijk 2 3 4 ('pitiful, sorely') ‑>> - (de) oorlog / de oorlog ('(the) war') - verlossen 2 ('to release from, deliver from') - Otterlo (a town) - (de) kleurloos 2 ('colorless, pale, drab, bland') - roerloos ('motionless' - living beings) - (de) voorloper 2 3 4 5 ('precursor') - veroorloven 2 ('to afford, to allow yourself') - (de) leerlooier ('leather preparation worker') - verliezen - verloor - verloren ('to lose - lost - lost')
SL	- (de) slab 2 ('bib') - (het) slabbetje 2 ('small bib') - slap / slappe ('weak, limp') - slag ('a great battle') - slak ('snail, slug') - (de) slang 2 ('snake' // 'hose') - (de) sla ('lettuce') - slaan ('to slap, to hit') - slaag 2 ('blows, punishment') - 'n pak slaag ('a beating') - (de) slaap 2 ('sleep') ‑>> - slecht / slechte 2 ('bad') ‑>> - slenteren 2 ('to saunter, stroll') - (de) slee 2 ('sleigh') - (de) sleepboot 2 ('tugboat') - versleten ('worn out') - sleuf ('a dry ditch') - (de) sleur 2 3 ('rut' - boring, bad routine) - (de) sleutel ('key' - lock/wrench/music - 'clef') - sleutels ('keys') - (het) slib 2 3 ('sediment') - slim / slimme 2 3 ('clever') - (de) slinger 2 ('pendulum') - slinks 2 ('furtively, slyly') - (het) slipje 2 ('panties' - ladies' short underpants) - slissen 2 3 4 ('to lisp') - Sliedrecht (a town) - poeslief 2 3 ('sweet as a cat' - insincere) - (het) slijk 2 ('sludge, mire') - (de) slijmbal 2 3 ('slimeball') - IJslijf 2 3 ('ice body' - a special tulip) - sloffen 2 ('slippers' // 'to shuffle,' walk tiredly) - (de) slok ('sip, gulp' - a mouthful of liquid) - Elsloo (a town) - (de) sloop 2 3 ('pillowcase' // 'wrecking') - sloeg ('slapped, hit' - simple past singular) - (de) sloep 2 3 ('sloop' - small rowboat) - (de) mislukking 2 ('failure') - slurpen 2 ('to slurp, drink noisily') - sluw 2 / sluw/sluwe 2 ('sly, cunning') - (de) sluier ('a veil') - sluik ('straight and thin' - hair) - (de) sluis 2 ('sluice') - sluip / sluipt 2 conjugated forms of the verb sluipen 2 ('to sneak, crawl') - (de) sluitpost 2 3 ('balancing item' - bookkeeping) sluipen - sloop - geslopen ('to sneak - snuck - snuck')
TL	- (de) smartlap 2 3 ('song of pain' - Dutch bad country music) - (de) straatlantaren ('street light') - 't Westland (area south of The Hague, many glass houses) - (de) atlas 2 3 ('atlas') - uitleggen 2 3 ('to explain') - (de) eetlepel ('spoon' - for eating) - (de) kantlijn 2 ('margin' - blank edge of paper) - (het) witlof 2 'Belgian endives') ‑>> - (het) schietlood ('plumb line' - showing perpendicular) - (het) potlood / potloden ('pencil'/'pencils') - (het) nachtlokaal 2 3 4 5 ('nightclub' - old-fashioned) - (de) eetlust 2 ('appetite') ‑>> - pietluttig 2 3 ('petty, niggling') - ontluchten 2 ('to ventilate,' let the air out)
UL	- (de) bul ('academic diploma') - gul / gul/gulle ('generous, cordial') - (de) flauwekul! 2 ('nonsense!') - mul ('loose' - soil, sand) - (het) multiplex 2 ('laminated board, >5 layers') - [(de)] nul ('0, zero' // 'dumb, useless person') - (het) nulpunt 2 ('point zero, nil' // 'rock bottom') - (het) spul ("stuff, things") - spullen 2 3 4 ("things, stuff") - (de) krul ('curl') - krullen ('curls') - vullen 2 ('to fill') - (het) vulles ('garbage' - slang for - (het) vuilnis ('garbage, refuse') - (de) tulband ('turban') - (de) schuld ('guilt' // 'debt' // 'blame') ‑>> - schuldig 2 3 ('guilty' // 'in debt') - (de) gulden (pre-Euro Dutch coin) - (de) hulde 2 ('homage, praise, tribute') - brullen 2 3 ('to roar, howl, bellow') - zullen ('shall/will') ‑>> - vulgair 2 (Frech AIR - 'vulgar') - Bulgarije ('Bulgaria') - jullie ('you' - plural informal, "y'all") ‑>> - (de) vulkaan ('volcano') - zulk ('such') - (de) gulp ('fly, zipper') - (de) hulp ('assistance, help') - hulpeloos 2 3 ('helpless, powerless') - (de) tulp ('tulip') - tulpen ('tulips') - (de) vulpen 2 ('fountain pen') - wulps 2 3 ('voluptuous, sexy, seductive' - said of women) - (de) schulpzaag ('saw for cutting along with the grain') - (de) huls 2 ('case, wrapping, shell') - (de) hulst ('holly' - a shrub) - (de) cultuur ('culture') - (het) tumult ('tumult, disturbance, commotion')
UUL	- (de/het) molecuul ('molecule') - minuscuul 2 3 ('miniscule') - juli ('July') - (de) ambulance (from French, 'ambulance') - (de) formule 2 3 ('formula') - (het) formulier 2 ('form' - to fill out) - [(de)] particulier 2 ('private individual // ~independent') - populair 2 (French AI - 'popular') - (de) populier ('poplar' - a tree) - Juul (a girls' name) - Ursula (a girls' name) - Julia (a girls' name) - Juliana (a girls' name, also former queen) - Julius (a boys' name)
UIL	(de) uil 2 3 4 5 ('owl') - (de) huilbui ('crying fit') - (het) muildier 2 ('mule') - huilen ('to cry,' shed tears) - ruilen 2 3 ('to exchange // to change') - schuilen 2 ('finding shelter' - from rain etc.) - (de) schuilkelder 2 ([shelter-cellar] - 'bomb shelter') - (de) bruiloft ('wedding')
VL	- (de) vlag / vlaggen 2 ('flag'/'flags') - (het) vlak ('plane') - vlak / vlakke 2 ('flat') - (de) vlam ('flame') - (de) vla ('pudding' - cold, milk) - (de) vlaag 2 ('gust') - 'n vlaag wind ('a gust of wind') - (de) vlaai ('fruit pie' - Limburg style) ‑>> - Vlaams / Vlaamse 2 ('Flemish') - Vlaardingen 2 (a town) - (de) vlecht 2 ('braid') - (de) vlek 2 ('stain, dirty spot') - (het) vlees ('meat') - (de) vleugel ('wing' // 'grand piano') - (de) vlinder ('butterfly') - de Vlist (a small river near the town of Gouda 2) - (de) vlieg ('fly') - (het) vlies ('~membrane, ~film') - (de) vliet ('small stream') - (de) vlijt ('diligence, work effort) - (de) vlok 2 / vlokken 2 ('flake'/'flakes') - (de) vlo 2 / vlooien 2 3 ('flea'/'fleas' - irregular plural) - (de) vloot 2 / vloten 2 ('fleet'/'fleets') - (de) vloed ('high tide') - vloeibaar 2 3 ('liquid') - (de) vloer ('floor, bottom') - (de) vloek ('curse') - (de) vlucht ('escape' // 'flight') - (de) vluchteling 2 ('refugee') - vlug 2 / vlug/vlugge 2 ('quick, fast, rapid') ‑>>
YL	- (de) xylofoon ('xylophone') The Y's in the synthetic material nylon ('nylon') and its plural nylons ('sheer stockings') are pronounced as Dutch EI/IJ - maybe in some imitation of the English.

French (I)LL = consonant Y (Dutch J)
- (de) taille 2 ('waist') - (de) wespentaille ('wasp's waist') - (het) braille ('braille') - (de) medaille 2 ('medal') - [(het)] failliet 2 ('bankrupt' // 'bankruptcy') - (het) faillisement 2 3 ('bankruptcy') - (de) derailleur 2 3 ('gear shifter' - bicycle) - (de) portefeuille ('wallet') - (het) feuilleton 2 3 ('print serial') - fouilleren 2 ('to frisk, pat down, body-search') - Ze zijn gebrouilleerd 2 3 ('They are not on good terms, they're not speaking to each other' - posh) - (de) bouillon 2 ('beef broth' - there's also an L in the pronunciation) - (het) bouillonblokje 2 ('beef cube') - Godfried van Bouillon 2 3 (a crusader) - (de) guillotine 2 ('guillotine') - (de) vanille 2 ('vanilla') - (het) detail ('detail' - one L) - from Spanish: - (de) guerilla 2 ('guerilla')

'Inserts'

'unstressed, voiceless E'

standard		sloppy inserts
(de) melk 2		melluk		milk
elf		elluf		11
twaalf		twaalluf		12
half twaalf 2		halluf twaalluf 2		11:30
help! 2		hellup! 2		help me!
(de) slang 2		suhlang		snake // hose
kalm 2		kallum		calm
(het) kalf 2 3		kalluf		calf
(de) kalk 2 3		kalluk 2		plaster, lime, chalk, Calcium
bewolkt 2		bewollukt		cloudy
(de) galg 2 3		galluhg		gallows

"volluk!" 2 3 (from:  (het) volk 2 3 ('people, nation'))  ("Hello there, shop!" - slang) - said when you enter a small shop or a café and don't see staff around to help you or take your order
more about these 'inserts'

Major Exceptions to the Phonetic Spelling of Dutch:
- Page 1:   een   -IG   -ISCH   -LIJK  
- Page 2:   -B   -D   SCHR   -TIE   UW   WR

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 AU/OU  CH  E  EI/IJ  EU  F  G  H  L  OE  SCH  U  UI  W  X  Y

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Gij zult niet stelen 'Thou shalt not steal'